何时在Go中的变量名中使用前划线

Question

Is there any special purpose of leading _ in a variable's name?

Example: func (_m *MockTracker)...

from here.

Answer 1

There is no special meaning defined for a leading underscore in an identifier name in the spec:

Identifiers

Identifiers name program entities such as variables and types. An identifier is a sequence of one or more letters and digits. The first character in an identifier must be a letter.

identifier = letter { letter | unicode_digit } .

a
_x9 
ThisVariableIsExported 
αβ

Your sample is generated code from mockgen.go.

In the package you linked you'll see things like:

// Recorder for MockTracker (not exported)
type _MockTrackerRecorder struct {
    mock *MockTracker
}

The sanitize function in the mockgen package prepends an underscore to package names and it seems that it's otherwise used for consistency and to ensure that identifier names remain private (i.e. not exported because they start with a capital letter). But it's not something that is defined in the Go spec.

// sanitize cleans up a string to make a suitable package name.
func sanitize(s string) string {
    t := ""
    for _, r := range s {
        if t == "" {
            if unicode.IsLetter(r) || r == '_' {
                t += string(r)
                continue
            }
        } else {
            if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) || r == '_' {
                t += string(r)
                continue
            }
        }
        t += "_"
    }
    if t == "_" {
        t = "x"
    }
    return t
}