在带有反射的接口下更改指针类型和值

Question

Is it possible to change pointer type and value of variable defined by interface?

I can change pointer value with reflection: v.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(&Greeter{"Jack"}).Elem()) which is equivalent to a = &Greeter{"Jack"}.

But how can I make a reflection equivalent for a = &Greeter2{"Jack"}?

UPDATE: Unfortunately in real problem that I'm trying to solve I can not address original variable (panic: reflect: reflect.Value.Set using unaddressable value), that's why I'm trying to workaround at pointer level.

Here is full example code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type Greeter struct {
    Name string
}

func (g *Greeter) String() string {
    return "Hello, My name is " + g.Name
}

type Greeter2 struct {
    Name string
}

func (g *Greeter2) String() string {
    return "Hello, My name is " + g.Name
}

func main() {
    var a fmt.Stringer
    a = &Greeter{"John"}

    v := reflect.ValueOf(a)
    v.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(&Greeter{"Jack"}).Elem())
    //v.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(&Greeter2{"Jack"}).Elem()) // panic: reflect.Set: value of type main.Greeter2 is not assignable to type main.Greeter
    fmt.Println(a.String()) // Hello, My name is Jack

    a = &Greeter2{"Ron"}
    fmt.Println(a.String()) // Hello, My name is Ron
}

Answer 1

Everything in Go is passed by value. Interfaces too. When you pass a value of interface type, a copy of the interface value will be made (along with the (value;type) inside it), and you will only be able to modify the copy which will not affect the original.

You have a variable a of interface type. If you want to modify the value stored in this variable, you have to pass / use the address of this variable.

First let's modify the Greeter2.String() method to know which one gets called:

func (g *Greeter2) String() string {
    return "Hello2, My name is " + g.Name
}

And also call a.String() after first init to see that it originally does contain a *Greeter value as we'll soon change it.

var a fmt.Stringer
a = &Greeter{"John"}
fmt.Println(a.String()) // Hello, My name is John

v := reflect.ValueOf(&a).Elem()
v.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&Greeter2{"Jack"}))
fmt.Println(a.String()) // Hello2, My name is Jack

a = &Greeter2{"Ron"}
fmt.Println(a.String()) // Hello2, My name is Ron

Output (try it on the Go Playground):

Hello, My name is John
Hello2, My name is Jack
Hello2, My name is Ron

So essentially there is no such thing as changing the value and type of an interface value, only changing the data in a variable (that has a memory address) that may be of interface type.

So the key things were:

1. Start from an address: reflect.ValueOf(&a)
2. And you have to set a pointer value into it as only *Greeter2 implements fmt.String, but not Greeter. See Go, X does not implement Y (... method has a pointer receiver) for details.

For more details and in-depth introducation, read: The Go Blog: The Laws of Reflection

Edit: about modifying a copy

First section of my answer: Whenever you pass something a copy is made. This also includes passing an interface value to reflect.ValueOf(): that will also receive a copy, so you can't avoid this. Only way to make this work is to pass a pointer; because the pointer will also be copied, but we're modifying the pointed value (not the pointer) which is the same.