在Golang中实现模板方法模式的优雅方法

Question

Is there an elegant canonical way to implement template method pattern in Go? In C++ this looks like this:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class Runner {
public:
    void Start() {
        // some prepare stuff...
        Run();
    }
private:
    virtual void Run() = 0;
};

class Logger : public Runner {
private:
    virtual void Run() override {
        std::cout << "Running..." << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    std::unique_ptr<Runner> l = std::make_unique<Logger>();
    l->Start();
    return 0;
}

In golang i wrote something like this:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

type Runner struct {
    doRun func()
    needStop bool
}

func (r *Runner) Start() {
    go r.doRun()
}

func NewRunner(f func()) *Runner {
    return &Runner{f, false}
}

type Logger struct {
    *Runner
    i int
}

func NewLogger() *Logger {
    l := &Logger{}
    l.doRun = l.doRunImpl
    return l
}

func (l *Logger) doRunImpl() {
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Running")
}

func main() {
    l := NewLogger()
    l.Start()
    fmt.Println("Hello, playground")
}

But this code fails with runtime null pointer error. Basic idea is to mix in some functionality from derived classes (go structs) to the base class routine in a way that base class state is available from this mix-in derived routine.

Answer 1

Logger embeds a pointer which will be nil when you allocate the struct. That's because embedding does not put everything inside the struct, it actually creates a field (named Runner of type *Runner in your case) and the language gives you some syntactic sugar to access what's inside it. In your case it means that you can access Runner fields in two ways:

l := Logger{}
l.needStop = false
//or
l.Runner.needStop = false

To fix the error you need to allocate Runner field inside the Logger like so:

l := Logger{Runner:&Runner{}}

Or embed by value instead of pointer.