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After a bit of investigation, turns out that Safari on iOS6 will cache POSTs that have either no Cache-Control headers or even "Cache-Control: max-age=0".
The only way I've found of preventing this caching from happening at a global level rather than having to hack random querystrings onto the end of service calls is to set "Cache-Control: no-cache".
So:
- No Cache-Control or Expires headers = iOS6 Safari will cache
- Cache-Control max-age=0 and an immediate Expires = iOS6 Safari will cache
- Cache-Control: no-cache = iOS6 Safari will NOT cache
I suspect that Apple is taking advantage of this from the HTTP spec in section 9.5 about POST:
Responses to this method are not cacheable, unless the response
includes appropriate Cache-Control or Expires header fields. However,
the 303 (See Other) response can be used to direct the user agent to
retrieve a cacheable resource.
So in theory you can cache POST responses...who knew. But no other browser maker has ever thought it would be a good idea until now. But that does NOT account for the caching when no Cache-Control or Expires headers are set, only when there are some set. So it must be a bug.
Below is what I use in the right bit of my Apache config to target the whole of my API because as it happens I don't actually want to cache anything, even gets. What I don't know is how to set this just for POSTs.
Header set Cache-Control "no-cache"
Update: Just noticed that I didn't point out that it is only when the POST is the same, so change any of the POST data or URL and you're fine. So you can as mentioned elsewhere just add some random data to the URL or a bit of POST data.
Update: You can limit the "no-cache" just to POSTs if you wish like this in Apache:
SetEnvIf Request_Method "POST" IS_POST
Header set Cache-Control "no-cache" env=IS_POST
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I had the same problem with a webapp getting data from ASP.NET webservice
This worked for me:
public WebService()
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.NoCache);
...
}
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Simple solution for all your web service requests, assuming you're using jQuery:
$.ajaxPrefilter(function (options, originalOptions, jqXHR) {
options.data = jQuery.param($.extend(originalOptions.data||{}, {
timeStamp: new Date().getTime()
}));
});
Read more about the jQuery prefilter call here.
If you aren't using jQuery, check the docs for your library of choice. They may have similar functionality.
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Depending on the app you can trouble shoot the issue now in iOS 6 using Safari>Advanced>Web Inspector so that is helpful with this situation.
Connect the phone to Safari on a Mac an then use the developer menu to trouble shoot the web app.
Clear the website data on the iPhone after update to iOS6, including specific to the app using a Web View. Only one app had an issue and this solved it during IOS6 Beta testing way back, since then no real problems.
You may need to look at your app as well, check out NSURLCache if in a WebView in a custom app.
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/Cocoa/Reference/Foundation/Classes/NSURLCache_Class/Reference/Reference.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40003754
I guess depending on the true nature of your problem, implementation, etc. ..
Ref: $.ajax calls
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Finally, I've a solution to my uploading problem.
In JavaScript:
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("post", 'uploader.php', true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("pragma", "no-cache");
In PHP:
header('cache-control: no-cache');
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While adding cache-buster parameters to make the request look different seems like a solid solution, I would advise against it, as it would hurt any application that relies on actual caching taking place. Making the APIs output the correct headers is the best possible solution, even if that's slightly more difficult than adding cache busters to the callers.
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My workaround in ASP.NET (pagemethods, webservice, etc.)
protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.NoCache);
}
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It worked with ASP.NET only after adding the pragma:no-cache
header in IIS. Cache-Control: no-cache
was not enough.
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You can also fix this issue by modifying the jQuery Ajax function by doing the following (as of 1.7.1) to the top of the Ajax function (function starts at line 7212). This change will activate the built-in anti-cache feature of jQuery for all POST requests.
(The full script is available at http://dl.dropbox.com/u/58016866/jquery-1.7.1.js
.)
Insert below line 7221:
if (options.type === "POST") {
options.cache = false;
}
Then modify the following (starting at line ~7497).
if (!s.hasContent) {
if (s.data) {
s.url += (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + s.data;
delete s.data;
}
ifModifiedKey = s.url;
if (s.cache === false) {
var ts = jQuery.now(),
ret = s.url.replace(rts, "$1_=" + ts);
s.url = ret + ((ret === s.url) ? (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + "_=" + ts : "");
}
}
To:
if (!s.hasContent) {
if (s.data) {
s.url += (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + s.data;
delete s.data;
}
ifModifiedKey = s.url;
}
if (s.cache === false) {
var ts = jQuery.now(),
ret = s.url.replace(rts, "$1_=" + ts);
s.url = ret + ((ret === s.url) ? (rquery.test(s.url) ? "&" : "?") + "_=" + ts : "");
}
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In order to resolve this issue for WebApps added to the home screen, both of the top voted workarounds need to be followed. Caching needs to be turned off on the webserver to prevent new requests from being cached going forward and some random input needs to be added to every post request in order for requests that have already been cached to go through. Please refer to my post:
iOS6 - Is there a way to clear cached ajax POST requests for webapp added to home screen?
WARNING: to anyone who implemented a workaround by adding a timestamp to their requests without turning off caching on the server. If your app is added to the home screen, EVERY post response will now be cached, clearing safari cache doesn't clear it and it doesn't seem to expire. Unless someone has a way to clear it, this looks like a potential memory leak!
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I found one workaround that makes me curious as to why it works. Before reading Tadej's answer concerning ASP.NET web service, I was trying to come up with something that would work.
And I'm not saying that it's a good solution, but I just wanted to document it here.
main page: includes a JavaScript function, checkStatus(). The method calls another method which uses a jQuery AJAX call to update the html content. I used setInterval to call checkStatus(). Of course, I ran into the caching problem.
Solution: use another page to call the update.
On the main page, I set a boolean variable, runUpdate, and added the following to the body tag:
<iframe src="helper.html" style="display: none; visibility: hidden;"></iframe>
In the of helper.html:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5">
<script type="text/javascript">
if (parent.runUpdate) { parent.checkStatus(); }
</script>
So, if checkStatus() is called from the main page, I get the cached content. If I call checkStatus from the child page, I get updated content.
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That's the work around for GWT-RPC
class AuthenticatingRequestBuilder extends RpcRequestBuilder
{
@Override
protected RequestBuilder doCreate(String serviceEntryPoint)
{
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = super.doCreate(serviceEntryPoint);
requestBuilder.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
return requestBuilder;
}
}
AuthenticatingRequestBuilder builder = new AuthenticatingRequestBuilder();
((ServiceDefTarget)myService).setRpcRequestBuilder(builder);
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I hope this can be of use to other developers banging their head against the wall on this one. I found that any of the following prevents Safari on iOS 6 from caching the POST response:
- adding [cache-control: no-cache] in the request headers
- adding a variable URL parameter such as the current time
- adding [pragma: no-cache] in the response headers
- adding [cache-control: no-cache] in the response headers
My solution was the following in my Javascript (all my AJAX requests are POST).
$.ajaxSetup({
type: 'POST',
headers: { "cache-control": "no-cache" }
});
I also add the [pragma: no-cache] header to many of my server responses.
If you use the above solution be aware that any $.ajax() calls you make that are set to global: false will NOT use the settings specified in $.ajaxSetup(), so you will need to add the headers in again.
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A quick work-around for GWT-RPC services is to add this to all the remote methods:
getThreadLocalResponse().setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
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This is an update of Baz1nga's answer. Since options.data
is not an object but a string I just resorted to concatenating the timestamp:
$.ajaxPrefilter(function (options, originalOptions, jqXHR) {
if (originalOptions.type == "post" || options.type == "post") {
if (options.data && options.data.length)
options.data += "&";
else
options.data = "";
options.data += "timeStamp=" + new Date().getTime();
}
});
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From my own blog post iOS 6.0 caching Ajax POST requests:
How to fix it: There are various methods to prevent caching of requests. The recommended method is adding a no-cache header. This is how it is done.
jQuery:
Check for iOS 6.0 and set Ajax header like this:
$.ajaxSetup({ cache: false });
ZeptoJS:
Check for iOS 6.0 and set the Ajax header like this:
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
headers : { "cache-control": "no-cache" },
url : ,
data:,
dataType : 'json',
success : function(responseText) {…}
Server side
Java:
httpResponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
Make sure to add this at the top the page before any data is sent to the client.
.NET
Response.Cache.SetNoStore();
Or
Response.Cache.SetCacheability(System.Web.HttpCacheability.NoCache);
PHP
header('Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate'); // HTTP 1.1.
header('Pragma: no-cache'); // HTTP 1.0.
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For those that use Struts 1
, here is how I fixed the issue.
web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>SetCacheControl</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.example.struts.filters.CacheControlFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SetCacheControl</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
<http-method>POST</http-method>
</filter-mapping>
com.example.struts.filters.CacheControlFilter.js
package com.example.struts.filters;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class CacheControlFilter implements Filter {
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
resp.setHeader("Expires", "Mon, 18 Jun 1973 18:00:00 GMT");
resp.setHeader("Last-Modified", new Date().toString());
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
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I was able to fix my problem by using a combination of $.ajaxSetup and appending a timestamp to the url of my post (not to the post parameters/body). This based on the recommendations of previous answers
$(document).ready(function(){
$.ajaxSetup({ type:'POST', headers: {"cache-control","no-cache"}});
$('#myForm').submit(function() {
var data = $('#myForm').serialize();
var now = new Date();
var n = now.getTime();
$.ajax({
type: 'POST',
url: 'myendpoint.cfc?method=login&time='+n,
data: data,
success: function(results){
if(results.success) {
window.location = 'app.cfm';
} else {
console.log(results);
alert('login failed');
}
}
});
});
});
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This JavaScript snippet works great with jQuery and jQuery Mobile:
$.ajaxSetup({
cache: false,
headers: {
'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
}
});
Just place it somewhere in your JavaScript code (after jQuery is loaded, and best before you do AJAX requests) and it should help.
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Things that DID NOT WORK for me with an iPad 4/iOS 6:
My request containing: Cache-Control:no-cache
HttpContext.Current.Response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.NoCache)
Adding cache: false to my jQuery ajax call
$.ajax(
{
url: postUrl,
type: "POST",
cache: false,
...
Only this did the trick:
var currentTime = new Date();
var n = currentTime.getTime();
postUrl = "http://www.example.com/test.php?nocache="+n;
$.post(postUrl, callbackFunction);
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I think you have already resolved your issue, but let me share an idea about web caching.
It is true you can add many headers in each language you use, server side, client side, and you can use many other tricks to avoid web caching, but always think that you can never know from where the client are connecting to your server, you never know if he are using a Hotel “Hot-Spot” connection that uses Squid or other caching products.
If the users are using proxy to hide his real position, etc… the real only way to avoid caching is the timestamp in the request also if is unused.
For example:
/ajax_helper.php?ts=3211321456
Then every cache manager you have to pass didnt find the same URL in the cache repository and go re-download the page content.
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While my login and signup pages works like a charm in Firefox, IE and Chrome... I've been struggling with this issue in Safari for IOS and OSX, few months ago I found a workaround on the SO.
<body onunload="">
OR via javascript
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onunload = function(e){
e.preventDefault();
return;
};
</script>
This is kinda ugly thing but works for a while.
I don't know why, but returning null to the onunload
event the page do not get cached in Safari.
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In Ruby's Sinatra
before '*' do
if env['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST'
headers 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate'
end
end
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I suggest a workaround to modify the function signature to be something like this:
getNewRecordID(intRecordType, strTimestamp)
and then always pass in a TimeStamp parameter as well, and just discard that value on the server side. This works around the issue.
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