如何使用 GREP、 REGEX 或 PERL 提取模式下的字符串

Question

I have a file that looks something like this:

<table name="content_analyzer" primary-key="id">
  <type="global" />
</table>
<table name="content_analyzer2" primary-key="id">
  <type="global" />
</table>
<table name="content_analyzer_items" primary-key="id">
  <type="global" />
</table>

I need to extract anything within the quotes that follow "name=", i.e., content_analyzer , content_analyzer2 and content_analyzer_items.

I am doing this on a Linux box, so a solution using sed, perl, grep or bash is fine.

转载于:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5080988/how-to-extract-string-following-a-pattern-with-grep-regex-or-perl

Answer 1

Since you need to match content without including it in the result (must match name=" but it's not part of the desired result) some form of zero-width matching or group capturing is required. This can be done easily with the following tools:

Perl

With Perl you could use the n option to loop line by line and print the content of a capturing group if it matches:

perl -ne 'print "$1\n" if /name="(.*?)"/' filename

GNU grep

If you have an improved version of grep, such as GNU grep, you may have the -P option available. This option will enable Perl-like regex, allowing you to use \K which is a shorthand lookbehind. It will reset the match position, so anything before it is zero-width.

grep -Po 'name="\K.*?(?=")' filename

The o option makes grep print only the matched text, instead of the whole line.

Vim - Text Editor

Another way is to use a text editor directly. With Vim, one of the various ways of accomplishing this would be to delete lines without name= and then extract the content from the resulting lines:

:v/name=/d
:%s/\v.*name\="([^"]+)".*/\1

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Standard grep

If you don't have access to these tools, for some reason, something similar could be achieved with standard grep. However, without the look around it will require some cleanup later:

grep -o 'name="[^"]*"' filename

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A note about saving results

In all of the commands above the results will be sent to stdout. It's important to remember that you can always save them by piping it to a file by appending:

> result

to the end of the command.