Here is a modified version of a post I have done on WPSE a while ago
STEP 1
We neet to get the posts_per_page option set from the back end (which should be set to 10) and also set your offset which we are going to use. That will be 14 as you will need 24 posts on page one and 24 on the rest.
If you don't want to alter the posts_per_page option, you can then just simply set the variable $ppg to 10
$ppg = get_option( 'posts_per_page' );
//$ppg = 10;
$offset = 14;
STEP 2
On page one, you'll need to subtract the offset to posts_per_page
$query->set( 'posts_per_page', $ppp - $offset );
STEP 3
You must apply your offset to all subsequent pages, otherwise you will get a repetition of the last post of the page on the next page
$offset = ( ( $query->query_vars['paged']-1 ) * $ppp ) - $offset;
$query->set( 'posts_per_page', $ppp );
$query->set( 'offset', $offset );
STEP 4
Lastly, you need to add your offset to found_posts otherwise your pagination will will not show the last page
add_filter( 'found_posts', function ( $found_posts, $query )
{
$offset = 14;
if( $query->is_home() && $query->is_main_query() ) {
$found_posts = $found_posts + $offset;
}
return $found_posts;
}, 10, 2 );
ALL TOGETHER
This is how your complete query will look like that should go into functions.php
add_action('pre_get_posts', function ( $query )
{
if ( !is_admin() && $query->is_main_query() ) {
$ppp = get_option( 'posts_per_page' );
//$ppp = 10;
$offset = 14;
if ( !$query->is_paged() ) {
$query->set( 'posts_per_page', $ppp - $offset );
} else {
$offset = ( ( $query->query_vars['paged']-1 ) * $ppp ) - $offset;
$query->set( 'posts_per_page', $ppp );
$query->set( 'offset', $offset );
}
}
});
add_filter( 'found_posts', function ( $found_posts, $query )
{
$offset = 14;
if( $query->is_main_query() ) {
$found_posts = $found_posts + $offset;
}
return $found_posts;
}, 10, 2 );