I actually solved this problem eventually, but it took so long that I thought I would post the question I was going to post a few hours ago so others that might happen to run into it would not find themselves in the same boat of wasting 5 hours trying to solve a simple problem.
I was trying to get a version of Zend running under an installation of lighttpd with a scaled down php and Zend core framework running through fastcgi but the problem was that any time I confronted an error, it was not reporting in the browser and was not showing up in any of the log files. (the actual platform was android which added to the confusion, but the problem turned out to be a lighttpd/zend configuration issue non-specific to the platform)
Since I wasn't sure at which layer the logging was failing, I tried everything from modifying the error/logging settings in the lighttpd.conf, fastcgi values in both the lighttpd and php configuration files and setting various logging parameters in php.ini but none of them produced any error messages in the logs even though the zend page in question was saying 'Application Error' and little else.