如何从一个io.Reader拥有多个使用者？

Question

I am working on a small script which uses bufio.Scanner and http.Request as well as go routines to count words and lines in parallel.

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    err := request("http://www.google.com")

    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // just keep main alive with sleep for now
    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}

func request(url string) error {
    res, err := http.Get(url)

    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    go scanLineWise(res.Body)
    go scanWordWise(res.Body)

    return err
}

func scanLineWise(r io.Reader) {
    s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
    s.Split(bufio.ScanLines)

    i := 0

    for s.Scan() {
        i++
    }

    fmt.Printf("Counted %d lines.
", i)
}

func scanWordWise(r io.Reader) {
    s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
    s.Split(bufio.ScanLines)

    i := 0

    for s.Scan() {
        i++
    }

    fmt.Printf("Counted %d words.
", i)
}

Source

As more or less expected from streams scanLineWise will count a number while scalWordWise will count zero. This is because scanLineWise already reads everything from req.Body.

I would know like to know: How to solve this elegantly?

My first thought was to build a struct which implements io.Reader and io.Writer. We could use io.Copy to read from req.Body and write it to the writer. When the scanners read from this writer then writer will copy the data instead of reading it. Unfortunately this will just collect memory over time and break the whole idea of streams...

Answer 1

The options are pretty straightforward -- you either maintain the "stream" of data, or you buffer the body.

If you really do need to read over the body more then once sequentially, you need to buffer it somewhere. There's no way around that.

There's a number of way you could stream the data, like having the line counter output lines into the word counter (preferably through channels). You could also build a pipeline using io.TeeReader and io.Pipe, and supply a unique reader for each function.

...
pipeReader, pipeWriter := io.Pipe()
bodyReader := io.TeeReader(res.Body, pipeWriter)
go scanLineWise(bodyReader)
go scanWordWise(pipeReader)
...

That can get unwieldy with more consumers though, so you could use io.MultiWriter to multiplex to more io.Readers.

...
pipeOneR, pipeOneW := io.Pipe()
pipeTwoR, pipeTwoW := io.Pipe()
pipeThreeR, pipeThreeW := io.Pipe()

go scanLineWise(pipeOneR)
go scanWordWise(pipeTwoR)
go scanSomething(pipeThreeR)

// of course, this should probably have some error handling
io.Copy(io.MultiWriter(pipeOneW, pipeTwoW, pipeThreeW), res.Body)
...