如何将数据从中间件传递给处理程序？

Question

I am designing my handlers to return a http.Handler. Here's the design of my handlers:

 func Handler() http.Handler {
  return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  })
}

My middleware is designed to accept an http.Handler and then call the handler once the middleware has finished performing its operations. Here's the design of my middleware:

 func Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
  return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // Middleware operations

    next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
  })
}

Considering the design of my middleware and handlers, what is the proper way of passing information from the middleware to the handler? The information that I am trying to pass from my middleware to the handlers is a JSON web token parsed from the request body. If I do not pass the parsed JWT to the handler, then I will need to parse the JWT again in my handlers. Parsing the request body for a JWT in both the middleware and handler seems wasteful. Just in case this information is relevant, I am using the standard net/http library with gorilla mux.

Answer 1

A first approach, similar to the question, is in codemodus/chain by Daved.

Package chain aids the composition of Handler wrapper chains that carry request-scoped data.

It uses the notion of Context, coupled with a Context handler:

func ctxHandler(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // ...

    if s, ok := getMyString(ctx); ok {
        // s = "Send this down the line."
    }

    // ...
}

---

Another approach: You can have a look at "Custom Handlers and Avoiding Globals in Go Web Applications", by Matt Silverlock (elithrar). (full example here)

The idea is to define ServeHTTP on a type which include the relevant context.

// We've turned our original appHandler into a struct with two fields:
// - A function type similar to our original handler type (but that now takes an *appContext)
// - An embedded field of type *appContext
type appHandler struct {
    *appContext
    h func(*appContext, http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) (int, error)
}

// Our ServeHTTP method is mostly the same, and also has the ability to
// access our *appContext's fields (templates, loggers, etc.) as well.
func (ah appHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    // Updated to pass ah.appContext as a parameter to our handler type.
    status, err := ah.h(ah.appContext, w, r)
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("HTTP %d: %q", status, err)
        switch status {
        case http.StatusNotFound:
            http.NotFound(w, r)
            // And if we wanted a friendlier error page, we can
            // now leverage our context instance - e.g.
            // err := ah.renderTemplate(w, "http_404.tmpl", nil)
        case http.StatusInternalServerError:
            http.Error(w, http.StatusText(status), status)
        default:
            http.Error(w, http.StatusText(status), status)
        }
    }
}

In the appContext struct, you would put any data you want to pass around.