如何在Golang中编写函数来处理两种类型的输入数据

Question

I have multiple structs share some fields. For example,

type A struct {
    Color string
    Mass  float
    // ... other properties
}
type B struct {
    Color string
    Mass  float
    // ... other properties
}

I also have a function that only deals with the shared fields, say

func f(x){
    x.Color
    x.Mass
}

How to deal with such situations? I know we can turn the color and mass into functions, then we can use interface and pass that interface to the function f. But what if the types of A and B cannot be changed. Do I have to define two functions with essentially the same implementation?

Answer 1

In Go you don't the traditional polymorphism like in Java, c#, etc. Most thing are done using composition and type embedding. A way of doing this simply is by changing your design and group the common field in a separate struct. It's just a different of thinking.

type Common struct {
    Color string
    Mass  float32
}
type A struct {
    Common
    // ... other properties
}
type B struct {
    Common
    // ... other properties
}

func f(x Common){
    print(x.Color)
    print(x.Mass)
}

//example calls
func main() {
    f(Common{})
    f(A{}.Common)
    f(B{}.Common)
}

There are other ways too by using interfaces and getters mentioned here but IMO this is the simplest way