为什么我们在Go的界面中不能拥有属性？ [关闭]

Question

I understand you cannot do it, and understand how interfaces work in Go. But my main concern is why it was decided interfaces could not declare fields.

I can see even a proposal to add it to Go V2.

Can someone give a clear explanation about this?

Answer 1

One reason, as Volker so accurately puts it in the comment he left: "Interfaces encapsulate behavior only. Data is not behavior."

Another, far more easy to understand reason would be: testing. Currently, an interface only specifies a set of behaviours. Suppose I've got some code I want to test that expects a Writer interface. If some ham-fisted dev implemented an interface like this:

type Writer interface {
    F *os.File
    Write(b []bytes) (int, error)
}

Then I'd need a mock type that has a file pointer (which I might not be able to leave at nil, because the interface should be usable by the code I call). That's horrible in and of itself. Of course, creating a temp file is easy.

Now how about an interface like this:

type ComplexInterface interface {
   Engine *mypkg.SomeComplexType
   Client *grpc.Client
   // and so on
}

I'd need to create a complex type instance, which in turn might have 20 dependencies... God only knows how expensive a change to any of the interfaces might become. If mypkg.SomeComplexType changes, then I'd soon find out that tests in another package start breaking, because I've created a very tight coupling.

So yeah: interfaces define behaviour, adding properties introduces a ton of risks (interfaces as pseudo-generics, tight coupling, maintenance hell, ...)

Either way, if you want "properties" in an interface, why not simply write this:

type MyWriter interface {
    File() *os.File
    Write(b []bytes) (int, error)
}

Substitute a property for a getter. Job done.