#define INITGUID
#include // include important windows stuff
#include
#include // include directdraw
// DEFINES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
// default screen size
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // size of screen
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480
#define SCREEN_BPP 16 // bits per pixel
// TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// basic unsigned types
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned char UCHAR;
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
// MACROS /////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEYUP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)
// this builds a 16 bit color value in 5.6.5 format (green dominate mode)
#define _RGB16BIT565(r,g,b) ((b & 31) + ((g & 63) << 5) + ((r & 31) << 11))
// this builds a 32 bit color value in A.8.8.8 format (8-bit alpha mode)
#define _RGB32BIT(a,r,g,b) ((b) + ((g) << 8) + ((r) << 16) + ((a) << 24))
// initializes a direct draw struct
#define DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddstruct) { memset(&ddstruct,0,sizeof(ddstruct)); ddstruct.dwSize=sizeof(ddstruct); }
// GLOBALS ////////////////////////////////////////////////
HWND main_window_handle = NULL; // globally track main window
int window_closed = 0; // tracks if window is closed
HINSTANCE hinstance_app = NULL; // globally track hinstance
// directdraw stuff
LPDIRECTDRAW7 lpdd = NULL; // dd4 object
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsprimary = NULL; // dd primary surface
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsback = NULL; // dd back surface
LPDIRECTDRAWPALETTE lpddpal = NULL; // a pointer to the created dd palette
LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER lpddclipper = NULL; // dd clipper
PALETTEENTRY palette[256]; // color palette
PALETTEENTRY save_palette[256]; // used to save palettes
DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // a direct draw surface description struct
DDBLTFX ddbltfx; // used to fill
DDSCAPS2 ddscaps; // a direct draw surface capabilities struct
HRESULT ddrval; // result back from dd calls
DWORD start_clock_count = 0; // used for timing
char buffer[80]; // general printing buffer
// FUNCTIONS //////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
// this is the main message handler of the system
PAINTSTRUCT ps; // used in WM_PAINT
HDC hdc; // handle to a device context
// what is the message
switch(msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
// do initialization stuff here
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
// simply validate the window
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// end painting
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
// kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
PostQuitMessage(0);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
default:break;
} // end switch
// process any messages that we didn't take care of
return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));
} // end WinProc
int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// make sure this isn't executed again
if (window_closed)
return(0);
// for now test if user is hitting ESC and send WM_CLOSE
if (KEYDOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
{
PostMessage(main_window_handle,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
window_closed = 1;
} // end if
return(1);
} // end Game_Main
int Game_Init(void parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// create IDirectDraw interface 7.0 object and test for error
if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreateEx(NULL, (void *)&lpdd, IID_IDirectDraw7, NULL)))
return(0);
// set cooperation to full screen
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetCooperativeLevel(main_window_handle, DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_ALLOWMODEX | DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
return(0);
// set display mode
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetDisplayMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP,0,0)))
return(0);
// clear ddsd and set size
DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddsd);
// enable valid fields
ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
// request a complex, flippable
ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE ;
// create the primary surface
if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateSurface(&ddsd, &lpddsprimary, NULL)))
return(0);
// draw a green gradient in back buffer
DDRAW_INIT_STRUCT(ddsd);
// lock the back buffer
if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Lock(NULL,&ddsd, DDLOCK_SURFACEMEMORYPTR | DDLOCK_WAIT,NULL)))
return(0);
// get alias to start of surface memory for fast addressing
USHORT *video_buffer = (USHORT *)ddsd.lpSurface;
// draw the gradient
for (int index_y=0; index_y < SCREEN_HEIGHT; index_y++)
{
video_buffer[0]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[1]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[2]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[3]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[4]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[5]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[6]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
video_buffer[7]=_RGB16BIT565(0,50,0);
// now advance video_buffer to next line
video_buffer += (ddsd.lPitch >> 1);
} // end for index_y
// unlock the back buffer
if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Unlock(NULL)))
return(0);
return(1);
} // end Game_Init
int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// now the back buffer surface
if (lpddsback)
{
lpddsback->Release();
lpddsback = NULL;
} // end if
// now the primary surface
if (lpddsprimary)
{
lpddsprimary->Release();
lpddsprimary = NULL;
} // end if
// now blow away the IDirectDraw4 interface
if (lpdd)
{
lpdd->Release();
lpdd = NULL;
} // end if
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Shutdown
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,HINSTANCE hprevinstance,LPSTR lpcmdline,int ncmdshow)
{
WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
HWND hwnd; // generic window handle
MSG msg; // generic message
// first fill in the window class stucture
winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
winclass.hInstance = hinstance;
winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winclass.lpszClassName = "WINCLASS1";
winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
// save hinstance in global
hinstance_app = hinstance;
// register the window class
if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
return(0);
// create the window
if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,"WINCLASS1","DirectDraw Blitter Filling Demo",WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,0,0,SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT,NULL,NULL,hinstance,NULL)))
return(0);
// save main window handle
main_window_handle = hwnd;
// initialize game here
Game_Init();
// enter main event loop
while(TRUE)
{
if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
Game_Main();
}
Game_Shutdown();
return(msg.wParam);
}
我想实现的效果是屏幕左侧出现一个绿色的长条。Game_Init完成了这个功能。但是运行之后屏幕是全黑的。我在Game_Init结束之前用Stop(1000)来观察效果，发现出现了绿色的长条，但是从Game_Init出来之后就没了。难道主表面会自动刷新？请教大神这是怎么回事。
