请问在linux虚拟环境中python pip freeze> requirements.txt 如何revert？

目前是开的远程服务器跑Linux环境，手上有一份代码包，里面包含了requirements.txt。 想要直接通过pip3 install -r requirements.txt 导入packages，一直报错显示如图： 因为是新手小白，头脑一热用了pip3 freeze >requirements.txt 然后再pip3 install -r requirements.txt（这里我就用的是我存我代码包里现有的requirements.txt的路径） 。发现确实没报错。 但是...貌似是通过pip freeze指令新生成了一份requirements.txt，并且可能覆盖了原有的requirements.txt。 请问有什么办法能revert，让requirements.txt还是存着我原先存的东西吗？谢谢各位大佬！

linux系统中python版本既有2.6的又有3.4的如何更改默认启动为3.4的？

我在使用pip命令时,现实的错误是python版本为2.6不能使用该命令,但是Linux中有3.4的,如何在执行命令时运行的是3.4版本的？

ubuntu18.04 python3.6 pip安装mysqlclient报错

ubuntu18.04 python3.6 pip安装mysqlclient报错 求大佬解答 ``` Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysqlclient ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-njxuuzpo/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpzs54ny_2pip-wheel- --python-tag cp36: running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,4,5,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -latomic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Failed building wheel for mysqlclient Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient Failed to build mysqlclient Installing collected packages: mysqlclient Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-njxuuzpo/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ldoqhl56-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=: running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,4,5,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.5 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lz -lm -lrt -latomic -lssl -lcrypto -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lssl /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcrypto collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-njxuuzpo/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-ldoqhl56-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-njxuuzpo/mysqlclient/ ```

ubuntu下运行sudo apt install python-pip和pip --version时分别出现以下错误，求大神解答。


pip install ipython 时出现什么编码解码的问题导致无法安装

``` (django_st) pyvip@VIP:~/django_st$ pip install ipython Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple Collecting ipython Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/05/d7/77b7a1988c99227f52402f93fb0f7e88c97239960516f53907ebbc44149c/ipython-7.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (777kB) |████████████████████████████████| 778kB 1.4MB/s ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: ('Received response with content-encoding: gzip, but failed to decode it.', error('Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check',)) (django_st) pyvip@VIP:~/django_st$ python manage.py shell Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:44:02) [GCC 8.3.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> exit() (django_st) pyvip@VIP:~/django_st$ sudo pip install ipython [sudo] pyvip 的密码： The directory '/home/pyvip/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/home/pyvip/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Requirement already satisfied: ipython in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages Requirement already satisfied: decorator in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: pickleshare in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: traitlets>=4.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: backcall in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: pygments in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: jedi>=0.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=18.5 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from ipython) Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) Requirement already satisfied: ipython-genutils in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from traitlets>=4.2->ipython) Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from prompt-toolkit!=3.0.0,!=3.0.1,<3.1.0,>=2.0.0->ipython) Requirement already satisfied: parso>=0.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (from jedi>=0.10->ipython) (django_st) pyvip@VIP:~/django_st$ ipython --version 7.11.0 (django_st) pyvip@VIP:~/django_st$ python manage.py shell Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:44:02) [GCC 8.3.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>> exit() ```

新问题：ubuntu下python版本问题

ubuntu原来安装了python3.5, 所以python3指向python3.5，现在又新安装了python3.6, 请问，pyhton3.6的pip怎么调出来使用，使用什么指令？pip3是python3.5的pip 非常感谢！！！

用linux安装软件出现的问题 ERROR: Exception: Traceback (most recent call last)

edx@ubuntu:~$ git clone https://github.com/kan-bayashi/PytorchWaveNetVocoder.git 正克隆到 'PytorchWaveNetVocoder'... remote: Enumerating objects: 330, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (330/330), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (159/159), done. remote: Total 2328 (delta 220), reused 258 (delta 171), pack-reused 1998 接收对象中: 100% (2328/2328), 436.01 KiB | 736.00 KiB/s, 完成. 处理 delta 中: 100% (1436/1436), 完成. edx@ubuntu:~$ cd PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools edx@ubuntu:~/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools$ make test -d venv || virtualenv -p python3.6 venv Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.6 Using base prefix '/usr' New python executable in /home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/bin/python3.6 Also creating executable in /home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/bin/python Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done. . venv/bin/activate && pip install --upgrade pip Requirement already up-to-date: pip in ./venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages (19.3.1) . venv/bin/activate && cd ../ && pip install torch==1.0.1 torchvision==0.2.2 Collecting torch==1.0.1 Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/92/1ae072a56665e36e81046d5fb8a2f39c7728c25c21df1777486c49b179ae/torch-1.0.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (560.0MB) |████████████████████████████████| 560.0MB 98kB/s eta 0:00:01ERROR: Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 153, in _main status = self.run(options, args) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 382, in run resolver.resolve(requirement_set) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 201, in resolve self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 365, in _resolve_one abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 313, in _get_abstract_dist_for req, self.session, self.finder, self.require_hashes File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 194, in prepare_linked_requirement progress_bar=self.progress_bar File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 465, in unpack_url progress_bar=progress_bar File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 316, in unpack_http_url progress_bar) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 551, in _download_http_url _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 253, in _download_url hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line 80, in check_against_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 223, in written_chunks for chunk in chunks: File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line 160, in iter for x in it: File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 212, in resp_read decode_content=False): File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 564, in stream data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 507, in read data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b"" File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 65, in read self._close() File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 52, in _close self.__callback(self.__buf.getvalue()) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/controller.py", line 300, in cache_response cache_url, self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body=body) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/serialize.py", line 72, in dumps return b",".join([b"cc=4", msgpack.dumps(data, use_bin_type=True)]) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/__init__.py", line 46, in packb return Packer(**kwargs).pack(o) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 900, in pack self._pack(obj) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 891, in _pack nest_limit - 1) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 985, in _pack_map_pairs self._pack(v, nest_limit - 1) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 891, in _pack nest_limit - 1) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 984, in _pack_map_pairs self._pack(k, nest_limit - 1) File "/home/edx/PytorchWaveNetVocoder/tools/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/msgpack/fallback.py", line 847, in _pack return self._buffer.write(obj) MemoryError Makefile:6: recipe for target 'venv/bin/activate' failed make: *** [venv/bin/activate] Error 2 这是运行出来的错误 ，因为时第一次使用，所以没有看懂什么意思，想求助大佬们，怎么解决这是代码运行make的文件程序

各位朋友好，请教ubuntu系统python3.4环境下安装matplotlib报错的解决办法

具体的问题是这样的： 我的系统是Ubuntu14.04 的64位系统，python3.4版本下，想使用matplotlib来做图。 由于matplotlib依赖numpy和python的图像库PIL，因此我先安装numpy和PIL然后，再安装matplotlib， 这里附上我的安装matplotlib的shell命令 #安装科学计算库numpy sudo pip3 install numpy #安装图像处理库PIL sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev -y sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev -y sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so /usr/lib sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so /usr/lib sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so /usr/lib sudo apt-get install python3-pil #安装画图库matplotlib sudo pip3 install matplotlib 但是发现虽然安装成功（在python3的shell交互环境下， import matplotlib 是可以的），但是 执行如下语句 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 报错： "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/matplotlib-1.5.1-py3.4-linux-x86_64.egg/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py", line 58, in <module> cursors.MOVE : Gdk.Cursor.new(Gdk.CursorType.FLEUR), TypeError: constructor returned NULL 希望各位朋友能指点一下，十分感谢

关于python安装pymssql报错，求大神指点，在ubuntu14.04下

报错内容： ``` (pyenvdata)lin@lin-ThinkPad:~$ pip install pymssql Downloading/unpacking pymssql Downloading pymssql-2.1.1.tar.gz (2.4MB): 2.4MB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/home/lin/pyenvdata/build/pymssql/setup.py) egg_info for package pymssql setup.py: platform.system() => 'Linux' setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', 'ELF') setup.py: platform.linux_distribution() => ('Ubuntu', '14.04', 'trusty') setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('glibc', '2.4') setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include'] setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib'] Installed /home/lin/pyenvdata/build/pymssql/setuptools_git-1.1-py2.7.egg Installing collected packages: pymssql Running setup.py install for pymssql setup.py: platform.system() => 'Linux' setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', 'ELF') setup.py: platform.linux_distribution() => ('Ubuntu', '14.04', 'trusty') setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('glibc', '2.4') setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include'] setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib'] building '_mssql' extension x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mssql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB _mssql.c:314:22: fatal error: sqlfront.h: 没有那个文件或目录 #include "sqlfront.h" ^ compilation terminated. error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 Complete output from command /home/lin/pyenvdata/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/home/lin/pyenvdata/build/pymssql/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-c75p_h-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/lin/pyenvdata/include/site/python2.7: setup.py: platform.system() => 'Linux' setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', 'ELF') setup.py: platform.linux_distribution() => ('Ubuntu', '14.04', 'trusty') setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('glibc', '2.4') setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include'] setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib'] running install running build running build_ext building '_mssql' extension creating build creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mssql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB _mssql.c:314:22: fatal error: sqlfront.h: 没有那个文件或目录 #include "sqlfront.h" ^ compilation terminated. error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Cleaning up... Command /home/lin/pyenvdata/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/home/lin/pyenvdata/build/pymssql/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-c75p_h-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/lin/pyenvdata/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /home/lin/pyenvdata/build/pymssql Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/lin/pyenvdata/bin/pip", line 11, in <module> sys.exit(main()) File "/home/lin/pyenvdata/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main return command.main(cmd_args) File "/home/lin/pyenvdata/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main text = '\n'.join(complete_log) UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe6 in position 46: ordinal not in range(128) ```

我给自己的Python程序写了一个setup.py文件，可以安装，但是无法import，执行可执行文件也报错怎么办？

我自己写了一个用于科学计算的Python程序，用于比较晶体结构相似性，对大批量的晶体结构自动分类，方法原理我在这篇文章里描述了[J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2017, 29, 165901]。现在我想做成一个Python egg，写了一个setup.py文件如下： ``` from setuptools import setup, find_packages setup( name='spap', version='0.3.0', packages=find_packages(), license='GPL', platforms="Independant", # install_requires=['numpy>=1.8.0', 'spglib>=1.10.0', 'ase>=3.13.0'], install_requires=['numpy', 'spglib', 'ase'], entry_points={ 'console_scripts': [ 'spap = src.spap:start_cli', ] } ) ``` 我用sudo python3 setup.py install能安装，安装包的目录如下所示： ``` ./ ├── build │   ├── bdist.linux-x86_64 │   └── lib │   └── src │   ├── ccf.py │   ├── __init__.py │   └── spap.py ├── dist │   └── spap-0.3.0-py3.6.egg ├── example │   └── run.py ├── setup.py ├── spap.egg-info │   ├── dependency_links.txt │   ├── entry_points.txt │   ├── PKG-INFO │   ├── requires.txt │   ├── SOURCES.txt │   └── top_level.txt └── src ├── ccf.py ├── __init__.py └── spap.py 8 directories, 15 files ``` 可以安装到系统上，pip3 list能显示出来，我执行spap -h命令就出错： ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/spap", line 11, in <module> load_entry_point('spap==0.3.0', 'console_scripts', 'spap')() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 480, in load_entry_point return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name) File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2693, in load_entry_point return ep.load() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2324, in load return self.resolve() File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2330, in resolve module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0) File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/spap-0.3.0-py3.6.egg/src/spap.py", line 70, in <module> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ccf' ``` 而且在python3里import spap输出如下： ``` >>> import spap Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'spap' ``` 请问这个怎么办？

AIX系统Python缺少_ctypes模块

AIX6.1，自带的Python2.7.5，试图在上面安装setuptools插件，报缺少_ctypes模块，  检查了Linux系统和Windows，在Python的lib库里面有_ctypes.so和_ctypes_test.so两个库，但AIX下只有test一个。 AIX系统 ; Ubuntu系统 试过重装Python-libs这个RPM包，但报包冲突。升级Python也是诸多系统库缺少或者安装冲突。 求助各位大神，该如何破，缺少_ctypes模块，不仅setuptools，还有pip等组件都装不了。

ubuntu输入不存在的指令自动联想安装指令

如果我在ubuntu16.04 Desktop上输入pip3，会提示： ``` The program 'pip3' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt install python3-pip ``` 如果我在docker容器里运行ubuntu镜像（就是那种最小镜像，基本上什么库都需要自己现装的），执行pip3，会提示 ``` -bash: pip3: command not found ``` 而没有提示怎么安装，我应该安装什么库以获得这种提示？

linux中tensorflow的安装问题

我的Python版本是2.7.13、pip install tensorflow之后显示安装成功。 然后进入Python编写代码时写入import tensorflow as tf之后报错了，  能否请各路大神解答一下这是怎么回事，如何解决，谢谢啦！

小白求助：pip安装依赖时，报错readtimeout？

1.在Ubuntu下利用pip安装如下图的依赖时，报错reantimeout  报错具体情形如下图   根据此错误将连接默认时间（15s）修改为1000s，但是依然同样错误。 还有一次下载至99%，报错memoryerror，设置了--no-cache-dir，依然报错。

报错 :error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

系统: CentOS6.5 ,Python3.6 安装 mysqlclient 时候 报错:error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 以下是错误信息: Collecting mysqlclient Using cached mysqlclient-1.3.10.tar.gz Installing collected packages: mysqlclient Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error Complete output from command /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-t3olsi0s/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-oqq8k4wv-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile: running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6 copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building '_mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6 gcc -pthread -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,10,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.10 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/local/python3/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -g -fstack-protector -m64 -fPIC -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing In file included from /usr/local/python3/include/python3.6m/Python.h:8, from _mysql.c:40: /usr/local/python3/include/python3.6m/pyconfig.h:600:1: warning: "HAVE_MBRTOWC" redefined In file included from _mysql.c:29: /usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:439:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64 -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lm -lrt -ldl -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmysqlclient collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Command "/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-t3olsi0s/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-oqq8k4wv-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-t3olsi0s/mysqlclient/ 按照别的帖子 yum install 了 python-devel了还是一样..而且 安装的python-devel的version 是2.6.6的 跟我的Python版本不符,但是yum仓库里又没有 3.6的 python-devel 如何解决?菜鸡求助...

pwntools安装问题，急=！！！！！！

``` $ git clone https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools $ pip install --upgrade --editable ./pwntools ``` 按照官方以上方法安装的，出现下图问题  有大佬知道怎么解决吗

SNIMissingWarning + InsecurePlatformWarning

用pip安装一些包时遇到 SNIMissingWarning + InsecurePlatformWarning (unbuntu 12.04.5/python 2.7.3/pip 9.0.1) 具体细节如下，请高手指点，多谢！ aiboat@ubuntu:/usr/local/bin$ sudo -H pip install pyopenssl ndg-httpsclient pyasn1 --upgrade /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl.py:318: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning. SNIMissingWarning /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl.py:122: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning. InsecurePlatformWarning Requirement already up-to-date: pyopenssl in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Requirement already up-to-date: ndg-httpsclient in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Requirement already up-to-date: pyasn1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Requirement already up-to-date: cryptography>=1.9 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: asn1crypto>=0.21.0 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: cffi>=1.7 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: ipaddress in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: enum34 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: idna>=2.1 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Requirement already up-to-date: pycparser in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (from cffi>=1.7->cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl)

Ubuntu系统，想用pip install包，但是一直卡在collecting，请问有大神知道原因吗？

 Ubuntu系统，想用pip install包，但是一直卡在这里，请问有大神知道原因吗？

yolo3 darknet.py问题

我用darknetAB https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet 编译gpu版本后生成darknet.py文件 然后我也编译了yolo_cpp_dll.sln文件 生成dll文件 然后运行darknet.py文件 不显示图片 异常退出  百度了这个问题 有人说要换python3.5版本 我也尝试了 但是也是不行 不会显示图片。请问各位大佬到底怎么解决？？急！！！谢谢！！！ ``` #!python3 """ Python 3 wrapper for identifying objects in images Requires DLL compilation Both the GPU and no-GPU version should be compiled; the no-GPU version should be renamed "yolo_cpp_dll_nogpu.dll". On a GPU system, you can force CPU evaluation by any of: - Set global variable DARKNET_FORCE_CPU to True - Set environment variable CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES to -1 - Set environment variable "FORCE_CPU" to "true" To use, either run performDetect() after import, or modify the end of this file. See the docstring of performDetect() for parameters. Directly viewing or returning bounding-boxed images requires scikit-image to be installed (`pip install scikit-image`) Original *nix 2.7: https://github.com/pjreddie/darknet/blob/0f110834f4e18b30d5f101bf8f1724c34b7b83db/python/darknet.py Windows Python 2.7 version: https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet/blob/fc496d52bf22a0bb257300d3c79be9cd80e722cb/build/darknet/x64/darknet.py @author: Philip Kahn @date: 20180503 """ #pylint: disable=R, W0401, W0614, W0703 from ctypes import * import math import random import os def sample(probs): s = sum(probs) probs = [a/s for a in probs] r = random.uniform(0, 1) for i in range(len(probs)): r = r - probs[i] if r <= 0: return i return len(probs)-1 def c_array(ctype, values): arr = (ctype*len(values))() arr[:] = values return arr class BOX(Structure): _fields_ = [("x", c_float), ("y", c_float), ("w", c_float), ("h", c_float)] class DETECTION(Structure): _fields_ = [("bbox", BOX), ("classes", c_int), ("prob", POINTER(c_float)), ("mask", POINTER(c_float)), ("objectness", c_float), ("sort_class", c_int)] class IMAGE(Structure): _fields_ = [("w", c_int), ("h", c_int), ("c", c_int), ("data", POINTER(c_float))] class METADATA(Structure): _fields_ = [("classes", c_int), ("names", POINTER(c_char_p))] #lib = CDLL("/home/pjreddie/documents/darknet/libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL) #lib = CDLL("libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL) hasGPU = True if os.name == "nt": cwd = os.path.dirname(__file__) os.environ['PATH'] = cwd + ';' + os.environ['PATH'] winGPUdll = os.path.join(cwd, "yolo_cpp_dll.dll") winNoGPUdll = os.path.join(cwd, "yolo_cpp_dll_nogpu.dll") envKeys = list() for k, v in os.environ.items(): envKeys.append(k) try: try: tmp = os.environ["FORCE_CPU"].lower() if tmp in ["1", "true", "yes", "on"]: raise ValueError("ForceCPU") else: print("Flag value '"+tmp+"' not forcing CPU mode") except KeyError: # We never set the flag if 'CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES' in envKeys: if int(os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES']) < 0: raise ValueError("ForceCPU") try: global DARKNET_FORCE_CPU if DARKNET_FORCE_CPU: raise ValueError("ForceCPU") except NameError: pass # print(os.environ.keys()) # print("FORCE_CPU flag undefined, proceeding with GPU") if not os.path.exists(winGPUdll): raise ValueError("NoDLL") lib = CDLL(winGPUdll, RTLD_GLOBAL) except (KeyError, ValueError): hasGPU = False if os.path.exists(winNoGPUdll): lib = CDLL(winNoGPUdll, RTLD_GLOBAL) print("Notice: CPU-only mode") else: # Try the other way, in case no_gpu was # compile but not renamed lib = CDLL(winGPUdll, RTLD_GLOBAL) print("Environment variables indicated a CPU run, but we didn't find `"+winNoGPUdll+"`. Trying a GPU run anyway.") else: lib = CDLL("./libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL) lib.network_width.argtypes = [c_void_p] lib.network_width.restype = c_int lib.network_height.argtypes = [c_void_p] lib.network_height.restype = c_int copy_image_from_bytes = lib.copy_image_from_bytes copy_image_from_bytes.argtypes = [IMAGE,c_char_p] def network_width(net): return lib.network_width(net) def network_height(net): return lib.network_height(net) predict = lib.network_predict_ptr predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)] predict.restype = POINTER(c_float) if hasGPU: set_gpu = lib.cuda_set_device set_gpu.argtypes = [c_int] make_image = lib.make_image make_image.argtypes = [c_int, c_int, c_int] make_image.restype = IMAGE get_network_boxes = lib.get_network_boxes get_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int, c_int, c_float, c_float, POINTER(c_int), c_int, POINTER(c_int), c_int] get_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION) make_network_boxes = lib.make_network_boxes make_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p] make_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION) free_detections = lib.free_detections free_detections.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int] free_ptrs = lib.free_ptrs free_ptrs.argtypes = [POINTER(c_void_p), c_int] network_predict = lib.network_predict_ptr network_predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)] reset_rnn = lib.reset_rnn reset_rnn.argtypes = [c_void_p] load_net = lib.load_network load_net.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int] load_net.restype = c_void_p load_net_custom = lib.load_network_custom load_net_custom.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int, c_int] load_net_custom.restype = c_void_p do_nms_obj = lib.do_nms_obj do_nms_obj.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float] do_nms_sort = lib.do_nms_sort do_nms_sort.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float] free_image = lib.free_image free_image.argtypes = [IMAGE] letterbox_image = lib.letterbox_image letterbox_image.argtypes = [IMAGE, c_int, c_int] letterbox_image.restype = IMAGE load_meta = lib.get_metadata lib.get_metadata.argtypes = [c_char_p] lib.get_metadata.restype = METADATA load_image = lib.load_image_color load_image.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int] load_image.restype = IMAGE rgbgr_image = lib.rgbgr_image rgbgr_image.argtypes = [IMAGE] predict_image = lib.network_predict_image predict_image.argtypes = [c_void_p, IMAGE] predict_image.restype = POINTER(c_float) predict_image_letterbox = lib.network_predict_image_letterbox predict_image_letterbox.argtypes = [c_void_p, IMAGE] predict_image_letterbox.restype = POINTER(c_float) def array_to_image(arr): import numpy as np # need to return old values to avoid python freeing memory arr = arr.transpose(2,0,1) c = arr.shape[0] h = arr.shape[1] w = arr.shape[2] arr = np.ascontiguousarray(arr.flat, dtype=np.float32) / 255.0 data = arr.ctypes.data_as(POINTER(c_float)) im = IMAGE(w,h,c,data) return im, arr def classify(net, meta, im): out = predict_image(net, im) res = [] for i in range(meta.classes): if altNames is None: nameTag = meta.names[i] else: nameTag = altNames[i] res.append((nameTag, out[i])) res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1]) return res def detect(net, meta, image, thresh=.5, hier_thresh=.5, nms=.45, debug= False): """ Performs the meat of the detection """ #pylint: disable= C0321 im = load_image(image, 0, 0) if debug: print("Loaded image") ret = detect_image(net, meta, im, thresh, hier_thresh, nms, debug) free_image(im) if debug: print("freed image") return ret def detect_image(net, meta, im, thresh=.5, hier_thresh=.5, nms=.45, debug= False): #import cv2 #custom_image_bgr = cv2.imread(image) # use: detect(,,imagePath,) #custom_image = cv2.cvtColor(custom_image_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB) #custom_image = cv2.resize(custom_image,(lib.network_width(net), lib.network_height(net)), interpolation = cv2.INTER_LINEAR) #import scipy.misc #custom_image = scipy.misc.imread(image) #im, arr = array_to_image(custom_image) # you should comment line below: free_image(im) num = c_int(0) if debug: print("Assigned num") pnum = pointer(num) if debug: print("Assigned pnum") predict_image(net, im) letter_box = 0 #predict_image_letterbox(net, im) #letter_box = 1 if debug: print("did prediction") # dets = get_network_boxes(net, custom_image_bgr.shape[1], custom_image_bgr.shape[0], thresh, hier_thresh, None, 0, pnum, letter_box) # OpenCV dets = get_network_boxes(net, im.w, im.h, thresh, hier_thresh, None, 0, pnum, letter_box) if debug: print("Got dets") num = pnum[0] if debug: print("got zeroth index of pnum") if nms: do_nms_sort(dets, num, meta.classes, nms) if debug: print("did sort") res = [] if debug: print("about to range") for j in range(num): if debug: print("Ranging on "+str(j)+" of "+str(num)) if debug: print("Classes: "+str(meta), meta.classes, meta.names) for i in range(meta.classes): if debug: print("Class-ranging on "+str(i)+" of "+str(meta.classes)+"= "+str(dets[j].prob[i])) if dets[j].prob[i] > 0: b = dets[j].bbox if altNames is None: nameTag = meta.names[i] else: nameTag = altNames[i] if debug: print("Got bbox", b) print(nameTag) print(dets[j].prob[i]) print((b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h)) res.append((nameTag, dets[j].prob[i], (b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h))) if debug: print("did range") res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1]) if debug: print("did sort") free_detections(dets, num) if debug: print("freed detections") return res netMain = None metaMain = None altNames = None def performDetect(imagePath="data/dog.jpg", thresh= 0.25, configPath = "./cfg/yolov3.cfg", weightPath = "yolov3.weights", metaPath= "./cfg/coco.data", showImage= True, makeImageOnly = False, initOnly= False): """ Convenience function to handle the detection and returns of objects. 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Returns ---------------------- When showImage is False, list of tuples like ('obj_label', confidence, (bounding_box_x_px, bounding_box_y_px, bounding_box_width_px, bounding_box_height_px)) The X and Y coordinates are from the center of the bounding box. Subtract half the width or height to get the lower corner. Otherwise, a dict with { "detections": as above "image": a numpy array representing an image, compatible with scikit-image "caption": an image caption } """ # Import the global variables. 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