我在哪里可以找到当前的 c 或 c + + 标准文档？

Question

For many questions the answer seems to be found in "the standard". However, where do we find that? Preferably online.

Googling can sometimes feel futile, again especially for the C standards, since they are drowned in the flood of discussions on programming forums.

To get this started, since these are the ones I am searching for right now, where are there good online resources for:

• C89
• C99
• C11
• C++98
• C++03
• C++11
• C++14

转载于:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/81656/where-do-i-find-the-current-c-or-c-standard-documents

Answer 1

PDF versions of the standard

As of 1st September 2014, the best locations by price for C and C++ standards documents in PDF are:

• C++17 – ISO/IEC 14882:2017: $116 from ansi.org
• C++14 – ISO/IEC 14882:2014: $90 NZD (about $60 US) from Standards New Zealand
• C++11 – ISO/IEC 14882:2011: $60 from ansi.org $60 from Techstreet
• C++03 – ISO 14882:2003: $30 from ansi.org $48 from SAI Global

• C++98 – ISO/IEC 14882:1998: $90 NZD (about $60 US) from Standards New Zealand

• C17/C18 – ISO/IEC 9899:2018: $232 from ansi.org / N2176 / c17_updated_proposed_fdis.pdf draft from November 2017

• C11 – ISO/IEC 9899:2011: $30 $60 from ansi.org / WG14 draft version N1570
• C99 – ISO 9899:1999: $30 $60 from ansi.org / WG14 draft version N1256
• C90 – AS 3955-1991: $141 from ansi.org $175 from Techstreet (the Australian version of C90, identical to ISO 9899:1990)
• C90 – 9899:1990 Hardcopy available from SAI Global ($88 + shipping)

You cannot usually get old revisions of a standard (any standard) directly from the standards bodies shortly after a new edition of the standard is released. Thus, standards for C89, C90, C99, C++98, C++03 will be hard to find for purchase from a standards body. If you need an old revision of a standard, check Techstreet as one possible source. For example, it can still provide the Canadian version CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 9899:1990 standard in PDF, for a fee.

Print versions of the standard

Print copies of the standards are available from national standards bodies and ISO but are very expensive.

If you want a hardcopy of the C90 standard for much less money than above, you may be able to find a cheap used copy of Herb Schildt's book The Annotated ANSI Standard at Amazon, which contains the actual text of the standard (useful) and commentary on the standard (less useful).

The C99 and C++03 standards are available in book form from Wiley and the BSI (British Standards Institute):

• C++03 Standard on Amazon
• C99 Standard on Amazon

Standards committee draft versions

The working draft for future standards is often available from the committee websites:

• C++ committee website
• C committee website

Note that these documents are not the same as the standard, though the versions just prior to the meetings that decide on a standard are usually very close to what is in the final standard. The FCD (Final Committee Draft) versions are password protected; you need to be on the standards committee to get them.

However, in my opinion, even though the draft versions might be very close to the final ratified versions of the standards, you should really get a copy of the actual documents — especially if you're planning on quoting them as references. Of course, starving students should go ahead and use the drafts if strapped for cash.

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It appears that, if you are willing and able to wait a few months after ratification of a standard, to search for "INCITS/ISO/IEC" instead of "ISO/IEC" when looking for a standard is the key. This way I was able to find the C++11 standard at reasonable price and now the C11 standard. So, as an example you search for "INCITS/ISO/IEC 9899:2011" instead of "ISO/IEC 9899:2011" on webstore.ansi.org and you will find the reasonably priced PDF version.