python爬虫 mysql数据库提示IntegrityError: (1062, "Duplicate entry-CSDN问答

python爬虫 mysql数据库提示IntegrityError: (1062, "Duplicate entry 5C

背景：python scrapy框架，mysql（workbench数据库），不同的url设置为主键

根据报错内容，在数据库搜索重复的主键信息，数据库里并没有相关数据，重试，仍提示主键重复
请问这个是什么地方的问题？

编辑于：2019.03.22 17:51 发布于：2019.03.22 17:41

python mysql

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: Roinging

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按赞数排序

看下你的列是不是搞错了，比如把url插入到别的列上，而把其他列插入到主键上了
或者表、数据库、列搞错

发布于：2019.03.22 18:30

评论 1 |

: 贵阳老马马善福专业维修游泳池堵漏防水工程

声望： 339568

: Roinging 你好，我第一次运行爬虫的时候是可以正常写入数据的，但是第二次运行爬虫的时候，有相应的去重操作，但是编译器报错主键重复的相关数据，数据库里确实是没有的; 10 个月之前回复

: 插入链接

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19:55:54","rateContent":"材质不是很好，太软了，安上以后容易开。","fromMall":true,"userIdEncryption":"","sellerId":735980882,"videoList":[],"displayUserLink":"","id":1065771217365,"aliMallSeller":false,"reply":"","pics":[],"buyCount":0,"userVipLevel":0,"auctionSku":"颜色分类:大号元宝4个","anony":false,"displayUserNumId":0,"goldUser":true,"attributesMap":null,"tradeEndTime":{"date":17,"hours":19,"seconds":54,"month":10,"timezoneOffset":-480,"year":119,"minutes":49,"time":1573991394000,"day":0},"headExtraPic":"","aucNumId":0,"displayUserNick":"t***9","structuredRateList":[],"carServiceLocation":"","userVipPic":"","serviceRateContent":"","memberIcon":"","attributes":"","position":"","cmsSource":"天猫","tamllSweetLevel":0,"gmtCreateTime":{"date":17,"hours":19,"seconds":54,"month":10,"timezoneOffset":-480,"year":119,"minutes":55,"time":1573991754000,"day":0},"useful":true,"displayUserRateLink":""},{"auctionPicUrl":"","userInfo":"","displayRatePic":"","dsr":0,"displayRateSum":0,"appendComment":null,"fromMemory":0,"picsSmall":[],"tmallSweetPic":"","rateDate":"2020-01-03 14:21:24","rateContent":"一般","fromMall":true,"userIdEncryption":"","sellerId":735980882,"videoList":[],"displayUserLink":"","id":1071725336425,"aliMallSeller":false,"reply":"","pics":[],"buyCount":0,"userVipLevel":0,"auctionSku":"颜色分类:鸿福座炮1对26#","anony":true,"displayUserNumId":0,"goldUser":false,"attributesMap":null,"tradeEndTime":{"date":1,"hours":16,"seconds":8,"month":0,"timezoneOffset":-480,"year":120,"minutes":24,"time":1577867048000,"day":3},"headExtraPic":"","aucNumId":0,"displayUserNick":"涓***姐","structuredRateList":[],"carServiceLocation":"","userVipPic":"","serviceRateContent":"","memberIcon":"","attributes":"","position":"","cmsSource":"天猫","tamllSweetLevel":0,"gmtCreateTime":{"date":3,"hours":14,"seconds":24,"month":0,"timezoneOffset":-480,"year":120,"minutes":21,"time":1578032484000,"day":5},"useful":true,"displayUserRateLink":""}],"searchinfo":"","from":"search","paginator":{"lastPage":3,"page":1,"items":41},"tags":[]}} ```

部署flask项目到heroku上时，出现psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist问题，该怎么解决？: 当我把flask项目部署到heroku上后，打开app时显示**Internal Server Error**. 报错为 ``` psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist ``` 我google下，可能是由于migrations文件导致的，于是我就把该文件删掉了。但依然出现同样的问题。求大神帮忙，现在踩在坑里有点出不去了。这是我的config.py文件： ``` import os DEBUG = True SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24) MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 1 * 1024 * 1024 SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False ``` 下面是heroku 的logs: ``` 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637889+00:00 app[web.1]: [2019-11-17 08:43:29 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Error handling request / 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637935+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637940+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637942+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637945+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637947+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637949+00:00 app[web.1]: psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637952+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637955+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637956+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637958+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637960+00:00 app[web.1]: The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637962+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637964+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637966+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 134, in handle 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637968+00:00 app[web.1]: self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637970+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 175, in handle_request 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637972+00:00 app[web.1]: respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637984+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2463, in __call__ 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637986+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637988+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2449, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637990+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.handle_exception(e) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637992+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1866, in handle_exception 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637993+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637995+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637997+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T08:43:29.637999+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638000+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.full_dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638002+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638004+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638006+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638008+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638010+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638011+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638013+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638015+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638017+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638019+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638021+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/project.py", line 27, in index 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638023+00:00 app[web.1]: 'questions': Questions.query.order_by(desc('create_time')).all() 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638025+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3186, in all 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638027+00:00 app[web.1]: return list(self) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638029+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3342, in __iter__ 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638031+00:00 app[web.1]: return self._execute_and_instances(context) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638033+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3367, in _execute_and_instances 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638035+00:00 app[web.1]: result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638037+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 988, in execute 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638039+00:00 app[web.1]: return meth(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638041+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 287, in _execute_on_connection 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638043+00:00 app[web.1]: return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638045+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1107, in _execute_clauseelement 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638047+00:00 app[web.1]: distilled_params, 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638049+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1253, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638051+00:00 app[web.1]: e, statement, parameters, cursor, context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638053+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1473, in _handle_dbapi_exception 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638055+00:00 app[web.1]: util.raise_from_cause(sqlalchemy_exception, exc_info) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638057+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 398, in raise_from_cause 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638059+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638061+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 152, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638063+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value.with_traceback(tb) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638076+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638079+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638081+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638083+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638085+00:00 app[web.1]: sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638087+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638089+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638091+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638095+00:00 app[web.1]: [SQL: SELECT question.id AS question_id, question.title AS question_title, question.content AS question_content, question.create_time AS question_create_time, question.author_id AS question_author_id 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638097+00:00 app[web.1]: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC] 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638099+00:00 app[web.1]: (Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/f405) 2019-11-17T08:43:29.638285+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.61.164.89 - - [17/Nov/2019:08:43:29 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 0 "-" "-" 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918911+00:00 app[web.1]: [2019-11-17 08:44:42 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Error handling request / 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918940+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918944+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918946+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918948+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918950+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918952+00:00 app[web.1]: psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918955+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918957+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918959+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918961+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918963+00:00 app[web.1]: The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918965+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918967+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918969+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 134, in handle 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918971+00:00 app[web.1]: self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918973+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 175, in handle_request 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918975+00:00 app[web.1]: respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918977+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2463, in __call__ 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918979+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918981+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2449, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918983+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.handle_exception(e) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918985+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1866, in handle_exception 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918988+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918989+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918991+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918994+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918996+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.full_dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918998+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919000+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919002+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919004+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919006+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919008+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919010+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919012+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919014+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919016+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919018+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/project.py", line 27, in index 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919020+00:00 app[web.1]: 'questions': Questions.query.order_by(desc('create_time')).all() 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919022+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3186, in all 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919025+00:00 app[web.1]: return list(self) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919027+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3342, in __iter__ 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919028+00:00 app[web.1]: return self._execute_and_instances(context) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919031+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3367, in _execute_and_instances 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919033+00:00 app[web.1]: result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919035+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 988, in execute 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919037+00:00 app[web.1]: return meth(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919039+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 287, in _execute_on_connection 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919041+00:00 app[web.1]: return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919043+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1107, in _execute_clauseelement 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919046+00:00 app[web.1]: distilled_params, 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919048+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1253, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919050+00:00 app[web.1]: e, statement, parameters, cursor, context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919052+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1473, in _handle_dbapi_exception 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919054+00:00 app[web.1]: util.raise_from_cause(sqlalchemy_exception, exc_info) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919056+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 398, in raise_from_cause 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919058+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919060+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 152, in reraise 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919063+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value.with_traceback(tb) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919074+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919077+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919079+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919081+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919083+00:00 app[web.1]: sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919085+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919087+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919088+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919091+00:00 app[web.1]: [SQL: SELECT question.id AS question_id, question.title AS question_title, question.content AS question_content, question.create_time AS question_create_time, question.author_id AS question_author_id 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919094+00:00 app[web.1]: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC] 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919096+00:00 app[web.1]: (Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/f405) 2019-11-17T08:44:42.919234+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.5.225.117 - - [17/Nov/2019:08:44:42 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 0 "-" "-" 2019-11-17T08:44:42.918749+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=tianliang-flask-app.herokuapp.com request_id=c195162e-6529-4fb0-9aac-1d9dd9a450e8 fwd="58.182.174.147" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=7ms status=500 bytes=244 protocol=https 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748890+00:00 app[web.1]: [2019-11-17 09:02:25 +0000] [12] [ERROR] Error handling request / 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748917+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748921+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748923+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748932+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748934+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748936+00:00 app[web.1]: psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748939+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748943+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748944+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748947+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748949+00:00 app[web.1]: The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748950+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748952+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748953+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 134, in handle 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748955+00:00 app[web.1]: self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748956+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 175, in handle_request 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748958+00:00 app[web.1]: respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748991+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2463, in __call__ 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748994+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748996+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2449, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T09:02:25.748998+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.handle_exception(e) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749000+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1866, in handle_exception 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749002+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749004+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749006+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749008+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749010+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.full_dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749012+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749014+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749016+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749018+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749020+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749023+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749024+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749026+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749027+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749029+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749030+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/project.py", line 27, in index 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749032+00:00 app[web.1]: 'questions': Questions.query.order_by(desc('create_time')).all() 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749033+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3186, in all 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749036+00:00 app[web.1]: return list(self) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749038+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3342, in __iter__ 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749039+00:00 app[web.1]: return self._execute_and_instances(context) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749041+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3367, in _execute_and_instances 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749042+00:00 app[web.1]: result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749044+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 988, in execute 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749045+00:00 app[web.1]: return meth(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749047+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 287, in _execute_on_connection 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749048+00:00 app[web.1]: return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749050+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1107, in _execute_clauseelement 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749051+00:00 app[web.1]: distilled_params, 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749053+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1253, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749054+00:00 app[web.1]: e, statement, parameters, cursor, context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749056+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1473, in _handle_dbapi_exception 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749057+00:00 app[web.1]: util.raise_from_cause(sqlalchemy_exception, exc_info) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749059+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 398, in raise_from_cause 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749060+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749062+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 152, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749063+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value.with_traceback(tb) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749074+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749076+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749078+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749080+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749082+00:00 app[web.1]: sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749084+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749087+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749089+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749092+00:00 app[web.1]: [SQL: SELECT question.id AS question_id, question.title AS question_title, question.content AS question_content, question.create_time AS question_create_time, question.author_id AS question_author_id 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749094+00:00 app[web.1]: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC] 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749096+00:00 app[web.1]: (Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/f405) 2019-11-17T09:02:25.749271+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.69.244.94 - - [17/Nov/2019:09:02:25 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 0 "-" "-" 2019-11-17T09:02:25.755053+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=tianliang-flask-app.herokuapp.com request_id=181975e4-7c78-4f7f-b131-4b1ddb544e02 fwd="58.182.174.147" dyno=web.1 connect=0ms service=92ms status=500 bytes=244 protocol=https 2019-11-17T09:06:00.663577+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=tianliang-flask-app.herokuapp.com request_id=571550f7-554b-42d0-b127-0a4837f6aae9 fwd="58.182.174.147" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=17ms status=500 bytes=244 protocol=https 2019-11-17T09:06:00.661593+00:00 app[web.1]: [2019-11-17 09:06:00 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Error handling request / 2019-11-17T09:06:00.661619+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662439+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662443+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662447+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662449+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662452+00:00 app[web.1]: psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662455+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662457+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662459+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662461+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662464+00:00 app[web.1]: The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662466+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662471+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last): 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662473+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 134, in handle 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662476+00:00 app[web.1]: self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662478+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 175, in handle_request 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662480+00:00 app[web.1]: respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662483+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2463, in __call__ 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662486+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662488+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2449, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662491+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.handle_exception(e) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662493+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1866, in handle_exception 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662495+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662498+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662500+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662502+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662505+00:00 app[web.1]: response = self.full_dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662507+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662509+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662511+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662513+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662515+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662517+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662519+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662521+00:00 app[web.1]: rv = self.dispatch_request() 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662523+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662526+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662528+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/project.py", line 27, in index 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662530+00:00 app[web.1]: 'questions': Questions.query.order_by(desc('create_time')).all() 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662532+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3186, in all 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662535+00:00 app[web.1]: return list(self) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662537+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3342, in __iter__ 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662539+00:00 app[web.1]: return self._execute_and_instances(context) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662541+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 3367, in _execute_and_instances 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662544+00:00 app[web.1]: result = conn.execute(querycontext.statement, self._params) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662546+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 988, in execute 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662548+00:00 app[web.1]: return meth(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662550+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 287, in _execute_on_connection 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662552+00:00 app[web.1]: return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662555+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1107, in _execute_clauseelement 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662557+00:00 app[web.1]: distilled_params, 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662559+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1253, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662562+00:00 app[web.1]: e, statement, parameters, cursor, context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662564+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1473, in _handle_dbapi_exception 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662566+00:00 app[web.1]: util.raise_from_cause(sqlalchemy_exception, exc_info) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662568+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 398, in raise_from_cause 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662570+00:00 app[web.1]: reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662573+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 152, in reraise 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662575+00:00 app[web.1]: raise value.with_traceback(tb) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662587+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1249, in _execute_context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662590+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor, statement, parameters, context 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662592+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 580, in do_execute 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662594+00:00 app[web.1]: cursor.execute(statement, parameters) 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662596+00:00 app[web.1]: sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "question" does not exist 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662599+00:00 app[web.1]: LINE 2: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662601+00:00 app[web.1]: ^ 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662603+00:00 app[web.1]: 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662607+00:00 app[web.1]: [SQL: SELECT question.id AS question_id, question.title AS question_title, question.content AS question_content, question.create_time AS question_create_time, question.author_id AS question_author_id 2019-11-17T09:06:00.662609+00:00 app[web.1]: FROM question ORDER BY question.create_time DESC] ```

Traceback (most recent call last): File "structure.py"...: 安装fastStructure软件，运行python structure.py，出现错误： ``` $ python structure.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "structure.py", line 3, in <module> import fastStructure File "vars/admixprop.pxd", line 5, in init fastStructure cdef class AdmixProp: File "allelefreq.pxd", line 7, in init admixprop ImportError: No module named allelefreq ``` 请问这个问题怎么解决？用的python2.7.15rc，fastStructure安装也都是按照软件说明步骤进行的。

python解析json格式数据时使用jsonpath无法取到值，返回false: jQuery183026400820446366513_1535963936721( { "records":[ { "id":"94406754893220", "memberid":"", "evaluationId":"0", "name":"S***.", "countryCode":"us", "countryName":"", "rank": "" , "buyerAccountPointLeval":"A1", "price":"", "quantity":"1", "unit":"piece", "lotNum":"1", "option":"", "star":"", "date":"31 Aug 2018 23:30", "buyerFeedback":"", "supplierReply":"", "buyerReply":"", "canDigg":"0" } ， { "id":"94059567015926", "memberid":"", "evaluationId":"0", "name":"H***.", "countryCode":"us", "countryName":"", "rank": "" , "buyerAccountPointLeval":"A1", "price":"", "quantity":"1", "unit":"piece", "lotNum":"1", "option":"", "star":"", "date":"29 Aug 2018 22:32", "buyerFeedback":"", "supplierReply":"", "buyerReply":"", "canDigg":"0" } , { "id":"94058600254638", "memberid":"", "evaluationId":"0", "name":"M***.", "countryCode":"us", "countryName":"", "rank": "" , "buyerAccountPointLeval":"A1", "price":"", "quantity":"1", "unit":"piece", "lotNum":"1", "option":"", "star":"", "date":"29 Aug 2018 21:03", "buyerFeedback":"", "supplierReply":"", "buyerReply":"", "canDigg":"0" } , { "id":"94305519432368", "memberid":"", "evaluationId":"0", "name":"S***.", "countryCode":"ru", "countryName":"", "rank": "" , "buyerAccountPointLeval":"A1", "price":"", "quantity":"1", "unit":"piece", "lotNum":"1", "option":"", "star":"", "date":"29 Aug 2018 20:41", "buyerFeedback":"", "supplierReply":"", "buyerReply":"", "canDigg":"0" } , { "id":"702475432645369", "memberid":"", "evaluationId":"0", "name":"M***.", "countryCode":"ca", "countryName":"", "rank": "" , "buyerAccountPointLeval":"A1", "price":"", "quantity":"1", "unit":"piece", "lotNum":"1", "option":"", "star":"", "date":"29 Aug 2018 19:54", "buyerFeedback":"", "supplierReply":"", "buyerReply":"", "canDigg":"0" } ], "type":"default", "page":{ "current":"1", "total":"3" }, "range":{ "region":"6 months", "transactions":"43" } } ); 大佬们，这样的数据要怎么解析？

怎么把txt文件格式转化成json文件并且存入数据库中？: txt的文件内容如下，已经是标准的json格式 [{ "id":"1", "park_name":"a", "address":"A", "position":"22.695216,113.927461", "park_type":4, "_version_":1535810750513152000}, { "id":"2", "park_name":"b", "address":"B", "position":"22.691938,113.933866", "park_type":4, "_version_":1535810750594940928}, { "id":"3", "park_name":"C", "address":"c", "position":"22.688520,113.935555", "park_type":1, "_version_":1535810750594940929}, { "id":"4", "park_name":"D", "address":"d", "position":"22.689812,113.938286", "park_type":1, "_version_":1535810750594940930}, { "id":"5", "park_name":"E", "address":"e", "position":"22.689390,113.938376", "park_type":1, "_version_":1535810750594940931}] 在格式已经是json数据的格式的情况下，如何将txt文件转化成json 文件呢？最好用python语言来进行转化。

pyinstaller 打包python程序后出错，提示："NoModuleFindError": 在用pyinstaller打包python程序 pyinstaller版本为：3.3.1 python 版本：3.6.1 系统版本：Windows-10-10.0.16299-SP0 ---------------------------------------------- 我的python程序名为：data_processing_gui.py 程序在python环境下正常运行。打包使用的格式为：pyinstaller -F -p <导入的包路径> myprogram.py 完整打包命令为： ``` pyinstaller -F -p C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\PyQt5\Qt\bin;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\pydicom;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\radiomics;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\pywt;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\pywt\_extensions;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\tensorflow;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\SimpleITK;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\PIL;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\pandas;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\nrrd;C:\Users\fanyu\Anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\numpy -i C:\Users\fanyu\Desktop\work\package\image\doctor.ico data_processing_gui.py pause ``` 打包过程无报错，打包完成后运行程序提示出错信息： ``` Traceback (most recent call last): File "data_processing_gui.py", line 12, in <module> File "c:\users\fanyu\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\radiomics\__init__.py", line 15, in <module> File "c:\users\fanyu\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\radiomics\imageoperations.py", line 6, in <module> File "c:\users\fanyu\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\pywt\__init__.py", line 17, in <module> File "c:\users\fanyu\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 631, in exec_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\pywt\_functions.py", line 17, in <module> File "c:\users\fanyu\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 714, in load_module module = loader.load_module(fullname) File "pywt/_extensions/_pywt.pyx", line 1, in init pywt._extensions._pywt (pywt\_extensions\_pywt.c:31281) ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pywt._extensions._cwt' [7564] Failed to execute script data_processing_gui ``` 这里给出的错误是找不到包，但是打包时已包含了pywt._extensions的路径，不知什么地方有错误，求大神支招~

Python爬虫soup.findAll("li", {"class": "result"})为空: ``` 大家好~ 我之前写的爬虫是单独针对某个页面的，比如新浪微博。这次需要在全网范围查询关于“开灯”有关的句子或文章，但是soup.findall("li",{"class":"result"})的结果一直是空。求助，谢谢。 PS：网上参考其他的例子，也都是在这个地方出问题，空的。。。代码如下： #-*-coding:utf-8-*- __author__ = 'Daniel' #python3.5 #'爬取关于开灯的新闻' import re import urllib import chardet from bs4 import BeautifulSoup def remove_js_css(content): r = re.compile(r'''<scrip.*?</scrip>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', content) r = re.compile(r'''<style.*?</style>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', s) r = re.compile(r'''''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', s) r = re.compile(r'''<meta.*?>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', s) r = re.compile(r'''<ins.*?</ins>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', s) return s def remove_empty_line(content): r = re.compile(r'''^\s+$''', re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('', content) r = re.compile(r'''\n+''', re.M|re.S) s = r.sub('\n', s) return s def remove_any_tag(s): s = re.sub(r'''<[^>]+>''', '', s) return s.strip() def remove_any_tag_but_a(s): text = re.findall(r'''<a[^r][^>]*>(.*?)</a>''', s, re.I|re.S|re.S) text_b = remove_any_tag(s) return len(''.join(text)), len(text_b) def remove_image(s, n=50): image = 'a' * n r = re.compile(r'''<img.*?>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub(image, s) return s def remove_video(s, n=1000): video = 'a' * n r = re.compile(r'''<embed.*?>''', re.I|re.M|re.S) s = r.sub(video, s) return s def sum_max(values): cur_max = values[0] glo_max = -99999 left, right = 0, 0 for index, value in enumerate(values): cur_max += value if(cur_max > glo_max): glo_max = cur_max right = index elif(cur_max < 0): cur_max = 0 for i in range(right, -1, -1): glo_max -= values[i] if abs(glo_max < 0.0001): left = i break return left, right + 1 def method_1(content, k = 1): if not content: return None, None, None, None tmp = content.split('\n') group_value = [] for i in range(0, len(tmp), k): group = '\n'.join(tmp[i:i+k]) group = remove_image(group) group = remove_video(group) text_a, text_b = remove_any_tag_but_a(group) temp = (text_b - text_a) - 8 group_value.append(tmp) left, right = sum_max(group_value) return left, right, len('\n'.join(tmp[:left])), len('\n'.join(tmp[:right])) def extract(content): content = remove_empty_line(remove_js_css(content)) left, right, x, y = method_1(content) return '\n'.join(content.split('\n')[left:right]) #输入url，将其新闻页的正文输入txt def extract_news_content(web_url, file_name): request = urllib.Request(web_url) #在请求加上头信息，伪装成浏览器访问 request.add_header('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6') opener = urllib.build_opener() html = opener.open(request).read() infoencode = chardet.detect(html)['encoding']##通过第3方模块来自动提取网页的编码 if html != None and infoencode != None:#提取内容不为空，error.或者用else html = html.decode(infoencode, 'ignore') soup = BeautifulSoup(html) content = soup.renderContents() content_text = extract(content)#提取新闻网页中的正文部分，化为无换行的一段文字 content_text = re.sub(" "," ",content_text) content_text = re.sub(">","",content_text) content_text = re.sub(""",'""',content_text) content_text = re.sub("<[^>]+>","",content_text) content_text = re.sub("\n","",content_text) file = open(file_name,'a')#append file.write(content_text) file.close() #抓取百度新闻搜索结果:中文搜索，前10页，url：key=关键词 def search(key_word): search_url = 'http://news.baidu.com/ns?word=key_word&tn=news&from=news&cl=2&rn=20&ct=1' req = urllib.request.urlopen(search_url.replace('key_word', key_word)) real_visited = 0 for count in range(10):#前10页 html = req.read() soup = BeautifulSoup(html) content = soup.findAll("li", {"class": "result"}) #resultset object num = len(content) for i in range(num): #先解析出来所有新闻的标题、来源、时间、url p_str = content[i].find('a') #if no result then nontype object contenttitle = p_str.renderContents() contenttitle = contenttitle.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')#need it contenttitle = re.sub("<[^>]+>", "", contenttitle) contentlink = str(p_str.get("href")) #存放顺利抓取的url，对比 visited_url = open(r'visited-cn.txt', 'r')#是否已经爬过 visited_url_list = visited_url.readlines() visited_url.close()#及时close exist = 0 for item in visited_url_list: if contentlink == item: exist = 1 if exist != 1:#如果未被访问url p_str2 = content[i].find('p').renderContents() contentauthor = p_str2[:p_str2.find(" &nbsp")]#来源 contentauthor = contentauthor.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')#时 contenttime = p_str2[p_str2.find(" &nbsp") + len(" &nbsp") + 1:] contenttime = contenttime.decode('utf-8', 'ignore') #第i篇新闻，filename="D:\\Python27\\newscn\\%d.txt"%(i) #file = open(filename,'w'),一个txt一篇新闻 real_visited += 1 file_name = r"newscn\%d.txt"%(real_visited) file = open(file_name,'w') file.write(contenttitle.encode('utf-8')) file.write(u'\n') file.write(contentauthor.encode('utf-8')) file.write(u'\n') file.write(contenttime.encode('utf-8')) file.write(u'\n'+contentlink+u'\n') file.close() extract_news_content(contentlink, file_name)#还写入文件 visited_url_list.append(contentlink)#访问之 visited_url = open(r'visited-cn.txt', 'a')#标记为已访问，永久存防止程序停止后丢失 visited_url.write(contentlink+u'\n') visited_url.close() if len(visited_url_list) >= 120: break #解析下一页 if count == 0: next_num = 0 else: next_num = 1 next_page = 'http://news.baidu.com' + soup('a',{'href':True,'class':'n'})[next_num]['href'] # search for the next page#翻页 print(next_page) req = urllib.urlopen(next_page) if __name__=='__main__': #key_word = input('input key word:') key_word = 'helloworld' search(key_word) ```

Python解决嵌套for循环性能慢: ``` 两个json文件关联其中文件file1次取500条关file2 关联得到结果500条记录目前情况是file2数据总数大概十万左右 for循环嵌套关联效率极低 ``` ###代码： ``` import json with open(file1,'r') as f1,open(file2,'r') as f2: a=json.load(f1) b=json.load(f2) list_a=[] for i in range(len(a)): for n in range(len(b)): if b[n]["id"]==a[i]["id"]: list_a.append(dict(b[n],**a[i])) f3=open(result,'w') as f3 json.dump(list_a, f3,sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False) f3.close() ``` ###1000条关联7万数据大概是两分钟 **file1 :** ``` [ { "id":"1", "name":"Tom" }, { "id":"2", "name":"Jim" }, { "id":"3", "name":"Bob" }, { "id":"4", "name":"Jeny" }, { "id":"5", "name":"Lara" }, { "id":"6", "name":"Lin" }, { "id":"7", "name":"Kim" }, { "id":"8", "name":"Jack" }, { "id":"9", "name":"Tony" } ] `` ##file2## ``` [ { "id":"1", "Details":[ { "label":"jcc", "hooby":"Swimming" }, { "label":"hkt", "hooby":"Basketball" }, ] }, { "id":"2", "Details":[ { "label":"NTC", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"3", "Details":[ { "label":"Nill", "hooby":"BBQ" }, { "label":"hkt", "hooby":"PAY" }, ] }, { "id":"4", "Details":[ { "label":"HFF", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"5", "Details":[ { "label":"Make", "hooby":"BBQ" } ] }, { "id":"6", "Details":[ { "label":"LLL", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"7", "Details":[ { "label":"mmm", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"8", "Details":[ { "label":"nnn", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"9", "Details":[ { "label":"yyy", "hooby":"Games" } ] } ] ``` #### ##预期结果:## ``` [ { "id":"1", "name":"Tom", "Details":[ { "label":"jcc", "hooby":"Swimming" }, { "label":"hkt", "hooby":"Basketball" }, ] }, { "id":"2", "name":"Jim", "Details":[ { "label":"NTC", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"3", "name":"Bob", "Details":[ { "label":"Nill", "hooby":"BBQ" }, { "label":"hkt", "hooby":"PAY" }, ] }, { "id":"4", "name":"Jeny", "Details":[ { "label":"HFF", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"5", "name":"Lara", "Details":[ { "label":"Make", "hooby":"BBQ" } ] }, { "id":"6", "name":"Lin", "Details":[ { "label":"LLL", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"7", "name":"Kim", "Details":[ { "label":"mmm", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"8", "name":"Jack", "Details":[ { "label":"nnn", "hooby":"Games" } ] }, { "id":"9", "name":"Tony", "Details":[ { "label":"yyy", "hooby":"Games" } ] } ] ``` ``` 能不能把file1 map到一个里面然后只执行一次匹配 ```

Python，json转码，list of dictionaries遍历筛选: 问题说明：原始数据导入字段index3就是json字符串格式（带单引号str），想要提取字典里面key值为"name"的所有value； ``` df_tmp #pandas dataframe #字段index3是json字符串格式（带单引号str），去掉单引号就是list of dics df_tmp["index3"][0] '[{"name": "Mary", "age":"7", "Sex":"F"},{"name":"Jack", "age":"11","Sex":"M"}]' df_tmp["index3"][1] '[{"name":"Jack", "age":"11","Sex":"M"},{"name":"Lucy","age":"9","Sex":"F"},{"name":"Nancy", "age":"10","Sex":"F"}]' df_tmp["index3"][2] '[{"name": "Luke", "age":"6", "Sex":"F"},{"name":"Lily", "age":"11","Sex":"F"}]' ``` 已有解决方案：把json转码成list of dictionaries，三层循环，遍历dataframe，遍历list，遍历字典；问题：数据量稍微多一点，速度特别慢，python小白求大神想想其他的方案，比如pandas有没有好用的函数，可不可以用mysql处理？

如何使用python爬虫获取css伪元素例如：::before？: 求助大神，在爬取网站的时候，网站对于部分文字使用伪元素::before进行了替换，导致无法爬取需要的数据。例如：<span class="略">::before</span> ::before中隐藏了content后的汉字。请问该如何处理？十分感谢！

python处理txt文件，怎么把文本形式的数据处理成字典: 如下： ``` {"item_id": 4036886, "title_features": {"1": 1, "2": 1, "3": 1, "4": 1, "5": 1, "6": 1}} {"item_id": 2893187, "title_features": {"8": 1, "9": 1, "7": 1}} {"item_id": 338441, "title_features": {"16": 1, "17": 1, "18": 1, "10": 1, "11": 1, "12": 1, "13": 1, "14": 1, "15": 1}} {"item_id": 2508763, "title_features": {"72": 1, "73": 1, "74": 1, "75": 1, "71": 1}} {"item_id": 305495, "title_features": {"80": 1, "76": 1, "77": 1, "78": 1, "79": 1}} {"item_id": 3096313, "title_features": {"81": 1, "82": 1, "83": 1, "84": 1, "85": 1, "86": 1}} ``` 节选了一段储存在文本文档里的数据，形式是字典的样子，怎么能处理成字典的储存方式呢？谢谢各位前辈了！

关于vscode测试的问题，No tests discovered, please check the configuration settings for the tests.: ![图片说明](https://img-ask.csdn.net/upload/201905/19/1558255180_546448.png) 每次打开vscode，都会弹出这个窗口。我尝试搜了一下网上的方法，有这种问题的貌似很少，仅找到的几个也解决不了下面是我的settings.json，求前辈帮忙看看如何解决~ { "python.pythonPath": "E:\\Anaconda3\\python.exe", "python.linting.pylintEnabled": true, "python.linting.enabled": true, "python.testing.pyTestArgs": [ "platforms" ], "python.testing.unittestEnabled": true, "python.testing.nosetestsEnabled": false, "python.testing.pyTestEnabled": false, "python.testing.unittestArgs": [ "-v", "-s", ".", "-p", "test_*.py" ], "python.testing.nosetestArgs": [ "platforms" ] }

可以帮忙写个正则表达式吗？格式为"机器人添加关键词：XXXXX 回答：YYYY"？: 各位大神，小弟要用python处理文本，碰到一项任务，需要用正则表达式判断文本输入是否符合以下格式： * "机器人添加关键词：XXXXX 回答：YYYY" 1. 其中XXXXX，YYYY是可变的，其余是固定的，并且两个冒号是中文冒号； 1. XXXXX，YYYY长度不定，可包含中文英文。但XXXXX只能是中英文，不能带有符号，而YYYY无此限定。 * 请各位大神帮帮忙，十分感谢！做伸手党内心惭愧，但无奈时间紧水平差，一点C币奉上

使用Python或Java解析Json文件，逐级打印菜单: 有这样一个菜单json文件： {"id":"100" "name":"File" "parent":"#", "id":"200" "name":"Edit" "parent":"#", "id":"300" "name":"Search" "parent":"#", "id":"400" "name":"Project" "parent":"#", "id":"500" "name":"Help" "parent":"#", "id":"101" "name":"New" "parent":"100", "id":"102" "name":"Open" "parent":"100", "id":"103" "name":"Load" "parent":"100", "id":"201" "name":"Cut" "parent":"200", "id":"202" "name":"Copy" "parent":"200", "id":"203" "name":"Paste" "parent":"200", "id":"301" "name":"Back" "parent":"300", "id":"302" "name":"Replace" "parent":"300", "id":"303" "name":"Jump" "parent":"300", "id":"401" "name":"Add" "parent":"400", "id":"402" "name":"Remove" "parent":"400", "id":"403" "name":"Close" "parent":"400", "id":"501" "name":"Mode" "parent":"500", "id":"502" "name":"Key" "parent":"500", "id":"503" "name":"About" "parent":"500", "id":"1011" "name":"xx" "parent":"101", "id":"2011" "name":"yy" "parent":"201", "id":"3011" "name":"zz" "parent":"301", } 想要打印出如下结果： 100 File 100 File 101 New 100>101 File>New 1011 xx 100>101>1011 File>New>xx 102 Open 100>102 File>Open 103 Load 100>103 File>Load 200 Edit 200 Edit 201 Cut 200>201 Edit>Cut 2011 yy 200>201>2011 Edit>Cut>yy 202 Copy 200>202 Edit>Copy 203 Paste 200>203 Edit>Paste 300 Search 300 Search 301 Back 300>301 Search>Back 3011 zz 300>301>3011 Search>Back>zz 302 Replace 300>302 Search>Replace 303 Jump 300>303 Search>Jump 400 Project 400 Project 401 Add 400>401 Project>Add 402 Remove 400>402 Project>Remove 403 Close 400>403 Project>Close 500 Help 500 Help 501 Mode 500>501 Help>Mode 502 Key 500>502 Help>Key 503 About 500>503 Help>About 想要得出如下结果：属性Parent如果为#时，说明这是一个根节点，直接打印，打印格式为 ID+Name+ID+Name 属性Parent如果非#时，则需要找到父节点的ID和Name，打印格式为 ID+Name+Parent ID>ID+Parent Name>Name 如果父节点也不是一个根节点，打印格式为 ID+Name+根节点ID>Parent ID>ID+根节点Name>Parent Name>Name，以此类推。当菜单层级非常多时，此处判断如何写一个递归算法，逐级找到某节点的所有父节点。

pyecharts 如何设置树状图共用子节点: data是这样的，现在要实现B、C共用子节点E而不是另开辟一个子节点E ``` data = [ { "children": [ {"name": "B", "children": [ {"name": "E"}, ] }, { "children": [ {"children": [{"name": "I"}], "name": "E"}, {"name": "F"}, ], "name": "C", }, { "children": [ {"children": [{"name": "J"}, {"name": "K"}], "name": "G"}, {"name": "H"}, ], "name": "D", }, ], "name": "A", } ] ```

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