Python讲的太快了。。这门课都快结束了我感觉大部分还是一知半解，这次做的爬虫work，要求存为csv格式，我现在是txt格式，不太清楚应该怎么改。。还有就是我的ip已经被封了，代理池什么的我都不知道该加在哪。。这个爬虫的目的是为了爬取豆瓣图书的相关数据。
pipelines代码
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
import json
class DoubanBooksPipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
with open("douban_book_list.csv","a",encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(json.dumps(item,ensure_ascii=False))
settings代码
# Scrapy settings for douban_books project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'douban_books'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban_books.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban_books.spiders'
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.121 Safari/537.36'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'douban_books.pipelines.DoubanBooksPipeline': 300,
}
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'
# LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING' #设置日志级别，即输出结果只会显示warning以及warning以上的日志
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'douban_books (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'douban_books.middlewares.DoubanBooksSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'douban_books.middlewares.DoubanBooksDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
爬虫book代码
import scrapy
from copy import deepcopy
import re
class BookSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'book'
allowed_domains = ['book.douban.com']
start_urls = ['https://book.douban.com/tag/?view=type']
def parse(self, response):
item = {}
div_list = response.xpath(".//div[@class='article']/div[2]/div") # 进行分组
for div in div_list:
item["big_title"] = div.xpath("./a/@name").extract_first() # 提取大标签
tr_list = div.xpath(".//table[@class='tagCol']") # 进行分组
for tr in tr_list:
td_list = tr.xpath(".//td")
for td in td_list:
item["small_title"] = td.xpath("./a/text()").extract_first()
item["cate_list_url"] = td.xpath("./a/@href").extract_first()
if item["cate_list_url"] is not None:
item["cate_list_url"] = 'https://book.douban.com' + item["cate_list_url"]
yield scrapy.Request(
item["cate_list_url"],
callback=self.parse_list,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
def parse_list(self, response):
item = response.meta["item"]
li_list = response.xpath(".//ul[@class='subject-list']/li") # 分组
for li in li_list:
item["book_name"] = li.xpath(".//div[@class='info']/h2/a/@title").extract_first()
item["book_name"] = re.sub(r"[(\n)(\t)( )]", "", item["book_name"]) #删除书名中的空格与换行符等
item["book_score"] = li.xpath(".//div[@class='star clearfix']/span[@class='rating_nums']/text()").extract_first()
book_detail_str = li.xpath(".//div[@class='info']//div[@class='pub']/text()").extract_first()
book_detail_str = re.sub(r"[(\n)( )]", "", book_detail_str) #提取书籍简要信息，并对简要信息进行切片处理，提取切片中的内容
book_detail_list = list(book_detail_str.split("/"))
item["book_price"] = book_detail_list[-1] if len(book_detail_list) > 0 else None
item["book_author"] = book_detail_list[0] if len(book_detail_list) > 0 else None
item["book_comment_nums"] = li.xpath(".//div[@class='star clearfix']/span[@class='pl']/text()").extract_first()
item["book_comment_nums"] = re.sub(r"[(\n)( )]", "", item["book_comment_nums"])
print(item)
next_page = response.xpath(".//span[@class='next']/a/@href").extract_first()
if next_page is not None:
next_page = 'https://book.douban.com' + next_page
yield scrapy.Request(
next_page,
callback=self.parse_list,
meta={"item": deepcopy(item)}
)
yield item
希望大家指导下，谢谢
