c++链表学生信息管理系统

Question

问题遇到的现象和发生背景

问题相关代码，请勿粘贴截图

运行结果及报错内容

我的解答思路和尝试过的方法

我想要达到的结果

//#include <iostream>
//
//int main() {
//    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
//    return 0;
//}
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

using namespace std;
int k=1;

typedef struct {
    string name = {};
    string no;//学号
    string xb;
    int age;
    long long birth;//出生年月
    string add;//地址
    long long phone;//电话
    string email;//电子邮箱
} student;

typedef struct lnode {//链表的定义
    student data; //存放学生信息的数据域
    struct lnode *next = 0;// 指向下个学生信息的指针域
} lnode, *linklist;

void initlist(linklist &l) {//初始化链表
    l = new lnode;
    l->next = NULL;
}

void help() {    //帮助
    printf("\n                             0.欢迎使用系统帮助！\n");
    printf("\n                             1.初次进入系统后,请先选择增加学生信息;\n");
    printf("\n                             2.按照菜单提示键入数字代号;\n");
    printf("\n                             3.增加学生信息后,切记保存;\n");
    printf("\n                             4.谢谢您的使用！\n");
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
}


void sort(linklist &l)//对学号排序
{
    lnode *p, *k;
    p = l->next;
    string s1;
    int a;
    long long b;
    while(p){
        k=p;
        while (k->next != NULL) {
            k = k->next;
            if (p->data.no > k->data.no) {
                s1 = p->data.name;
                p->data.name = k->data.name;
                k->data.name = s1;
                s1 = p->data.no;
                p->data.no = k->data.no;
                k->data.no = s1;
                s1 = p->data.xb;
                p->data.xb = k->data.xb;
                k->data.xb = s1;
                a = p->data.age;
                p->data.age = k->data.age;
                k->data.age = a;
                b = p->data.birth;
                p->data.birth = k->data.birth;
                k->data.birth = b;
                b = p->data.phone;
                p->data.phone = k->data.phone;
                k->data.phone = b;
                s1 = p->data.add;
                p->data.add = k->data.add;
                k->data.add = s1;
                s1 = p->data.email;
                p->data.email = k->data.email;
                k->data.email = s1;
            }
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
}

//void creatllist(linklist &l){
//    lnode *p,*r;
//    r=l;
//    p->next=NULL;
//    r->next=p;
//    r=p;
//}

int totallist(linklist &l){//学生总数
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    int i=0;
    while(p){
        i++;
        p=p->next;
    }
    return i;
}

void insertlist(linklist &l){//指定位置插入学生信息
    int length=totallist(l),n;
    lnode *p;
    p=l;
    int j=0;
    while(p&&j<length){
        p=p->next;
        j++;
    }
    if(p){
        cout<<"请输入增加学生个数："<<endl;
        cin>>n;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            p=p->next;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的学号" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.no;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的姓名" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.name;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的年龄" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.age;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的性别" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.xb;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的出生年月" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.birth;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的地址" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.add;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的电话" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.phone;
            cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的email" << endl;
            cin >> p->data.email;
        }
        p->next=NULL;
    }
    else
        cout<<"插入失败"<<endl;
    sort(l);
}


/*
void insert(linklist &l) {//输入
    lnode *p;
    r = l;
    int n;
    cout<<"请输入增加学生个数："<<endl;
    cin>>n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        p = new lnode;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的学号" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.no;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的姓名" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.name;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的年龄" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.age;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的性别" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.xb;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的出生年月" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.birth;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的地址" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.add;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的电话" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.phone;
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的email" << endl;
        cin >> p->data.email;
        p->next = NULL;
        r->next = p;
        r = p;
    }
    sort(l);
}
 */
void refresh() {    //刷新界面
    printf("                             刷新完毕!!!");
    system("pause");
    system("cls");
}


void showlist(linklist &l){//展示所有学生信息
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    int j=1;
    while(p){
        cout<<"第"<<j<<"个学生的姓名为："<<p->data.name;
        cout<<"\n学号为："<<p->data.no;
        cout<<"\n性别为："<<p->data.xb;
        cout<<"\n年龄为："<<p->data.age;
        cout<<"\n出生年月为："<<p->data.birth;
        cout<<"\n地址为："<<p->data.add;
        cout<<"\n电话为："<<p->data.phone;
        cout<<"\n电子邮箱为："<<p->data.email;
        j++;
        p=p->next;
    }
}


void findlist_name(linklist &l){//根据学生姓名查找
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    cout<<"请输入你想要查询学生的姓名："<<endl;
    string name;
    cin>>name;
    while(p&&p->data.name!=name){
        p=p->next;
    }
    if(p){
        cout<<"此学生姓名为："<<p->data.name;
        cout<<"\n学号为："<<p->data.no;
        cout<<"\n性别为："<<p->data.xb;
        cout<<"\n年龄为："<<p->data.age;
        cout<<"\n出生年月为："<<p->data.birth;
        cout<<"\n地址为："<<p->data.add;
        cout<<"\n电话为："<<p->data.phone;
        cout<<"\n电子邮箱为："<<p->data.email;
    }
    if(!p)
        cout<<"查无此人"<<endl;
}

void findlist_no(linklist &l){//根据学生学号查找
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    cout<<"请输入你想要查询学生的学号："<<endl;
    string no;
    cin>>no;
    while(p&&p->data.no!=no){
        p=p->next;
    }
    if(p){
        cout<<"此学生姓名为："<<p->data.name;
        cout<<"\n学号为："<<p->data.no;
        cout<<"\n性别为："<<p->data.xb;
        cout<<"\n年龄为："<<p->data.age;
        cout<<"\n出生年月为："<<p->data.birth;
        cout<<"\n地址为："<<p->data.add;
        cout<<"\n电话为："<<p->data.phone;
        cout<<"\n电子邮箱为："<<p->data.email;
    }
    if(!p)
        cout<<"查无此人"<<endl;
}


void sortsex(linklist &l) {//根据学生性别分类排序
    lnode *p;
    p = l->next;
    int j;
    while (p) {
        j = 1;
        if (p->data.xb == "男") {
            cout << "第" << j << "个男性学生的姓名为：" << p->data.name;
            cout << "\n学号为：" << p->data.no;
            cout << "\n性别为：" << p->data.xb;
            cout << "\n年龄为：" << p->data.age;
            cout << "\n出生年月为：" << p->data.birth;
            cout << "\n地址为：" << p->data.add;
            cout << "\n电话为：" << p->data.phone;
            cout << "\n电子邮箱为：" << p->data.email;
            j++;
            p = p->next;
        }
        while (p) {
            j = 1;
            if (p->data.xb == "女") {
                cout << "第" << j << "个女性学生的姓名为：" << p->data.name;
                cout << "\n学号为：" << p->data.no;
                cout << "\n性别为：" << p->data.xb;
                cout << "\n年龄为：" << p->data.age;
                cout << "\n出生年月为：" << p->data.birth;
                cout << "\n地址为：" << p->data.add;
                cout << "\n电话为：" << p->data.phone;
                cout << "\n电子邮箱为：" << p->data.email;
                j++;
                p = p->next;
            }
        }
    }
}


void sortage(linklist &l){//根据学生年龄分类统计
    int ag[100]={0};
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    while(p){
        ag[p->data.age]++;
        p=p->next;
    }
    for(int age=1; age<100; age++){
        p=l->next;
        int j=1;
        while(p){
            if(ag[age]!=0){
                p=p->next;
                cout << "第" << j << "个年龄为ag[age]的学生的姓名为：" << p->data.name;
                cout << "\n学号为：" << p->data.no;
                cout << "\n性别为：" << p->data.xb;
                cout << "\n年龄为：" << p->data.age;
                cout << "\n出生年月为：" << p->data.birth;
                cout << "\n地址为：" << p->data.add;
                cout << "\n电话为：" << p->data.phone;
                cout << "\n电子邮箱为：" << p->data.email;
                j++;
            }
        }
    }
}

void modify(linklist &l) {    //修改信息
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
    int item,num=0;
    string name = {};
    string no{};//学号
    string xb;
    int age;
    long long birth;//出生年月
    string add;//地址
    long long phone;//电话
    string email;//电子邮箱
    printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号:\n");
    cin>>no;
    while(p) {
        if(p->data.no==no) {     //比较字符串是否相等
            num=1;
            break;
        }
        p=p->next;
    }
    if(num) {
        printf("                             ----------------------------\n");
        printf("                             ---------1.修改姓名---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------2.修改年龄---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------3.修改性别---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------4.修改生日---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------5.修改地址---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------6.修改电话---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------7.修改邮箱---------\n");
        printf("                             ---------8.退出本菜单-------\n");
        printf("                             ----------------------------\n");
        while(1) {
            printf("                             请选择子菜单编号:");
            scanf("%d",&item);
            switch(item) {
                case 1:
                    printf("                             请输入新的姓名:\n");
                    cin>>name;
                    p->data.name=name;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    printf("                             请输入新的年龄:\n");
                    cin>>age;
                    p->data.age=age;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    printf("                             请输入新的性别:\n");
                    cin>>xb;
                    p->data.xb=xb;
                case 4:
                    printf("                             请输入新的生日:\n");
                    cin>>birth;
                    p->data.birth=birth;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    printf("                             请输入新的地址:\n");
                    cin>>add;
                    p->data.add=add;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    printf("                             请输入新的电话:\n");
                    cin>>phone;
                    p->data.phone=phone;
                    break;
                case 7:
                    printf("                             请输入新的邮箱:\n");
                    cin>>email;
                    p->data.email=email;
                    break;
                case 8:
                    system("cls");
                    return;
                default:
                    printf("                             请在1-8之间选择\n");
            }
        }
    } else {
        printf("                             该学生不存在,请重新输入：\n");
    }
}



void deletelist(linklist &l){//删除某学生信息
    string s1;
    cout<<"请输入你想删除学生的姓名："<<endl;
    cin>>s1;
    lnode *p,*q;
    p=l;
    while(p->next!=NULL){
        q=p->next;
        if(q->data.no==s1){
            if(q->next!=NULL){
                p->next = q->next;
                delete q;
            }
            else{
                delete q;
                p->next = NULL;
            }
        }
    }
    sort(l);
    cout<<"查无此人"<<endl;
}

void  preserve(linklist &l) {    //将学生信息保存到文件中
    FILE * fpreserve;
    char ch='\n';
    lnode *p;
    p=l->next;
}
/*
   void writeFile(LinkList head) {
       FILE *outf;
       pNode p = head->next;
       if((outf = fopen("data.txt","wt")) == NULL) {
           printf("不能打开数据文件。\n");
           exit(1);
       }
       while(p) {
           fwrite(p,sizeof(Node),1,outf);
           p = p->next;
       }
       fclose(outf);
   }
   
   int i;
   fpreserve=fopen("StudentInformation.txt","wt+");
   fprintf(fpreserve,"学生学号         学生姓名 年龄  性别  出生年月    地址             手机号码    email %c",ch);
   for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
       fprintf(fpreserve,"%6s %7s %6d %6s %6s %6s %6s %6s %c",stu[i].code,stu[i].name,stu[i].age,stu[i].sex,stu[i].chushen,stu[i].dizhi,stu[i].phone,stu[i].email,ch);
   }
   system("cls");
   printf("      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n                                                     保存完毕!!!\n");
       system("pause");
       system("cls");
   fclose(fpreserve);
}
*/

void menu(linklist &l) {    //学生信息管理系统界面
    int num;
    printf(" \n\n                    \n\n");
    system("cls");
    printf("                               ******************************************************\n\n");
    printf("                               *                学生信息管理系统                    *\n \n");
    printf("                               ******************************************************\n\n");
    printf("                             *********************系统功能菜单*************************       \n");
    printf("                                  ----------------------   ----------------------   \n");
    printf("                                  *********************************************     \n");
    printf("                                  * 0.系统帮助及说明  * *  1.刷新学生信息   *     \n");
    printf("                                  *********************************************     \n");
    printf("                                  * 2.查询学生信息    * *  3.修改学生信息   *     \n");
    printf("                                  *********************************************     \n");
    printf("                                  * 4.增加学生信息    * *  5.按学号删除信息 *     \n");
    printf("                                  *********************************************     \n");
    printf("                                  * 6.显示当前信息    * *  7.保存当前学生信息*     \n");
    printf("                                  ********************** **********************     \n");
    printf("                                  * 8.排序分类信息    * *  9.退出系统        *                   \n");
    printf("                                  ********************** **********************             \n");
    printf("                                  ----------------------   ----------------------                           \n");
    printf("                             请选择菜单编号:");
    scanf("%d",&num);
    switch(num) {
        case 0:
            system("cls");
            help();
            break;
        case 1:
            system("cls");
            refresh();
            break;
        case 2:
            int i;
            system("cls");
            printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
            printf("                                   ----------------------\n");
            printf("                                   -----1.按学号查询-----\n");
            printf("                                   -----2.按姓名查询-----\n");
            printf("                                   -----3.退出本菜单-----\n");
            printf("                                   ----------------------\n");
            cin>>i;
            switch (i) {
                case 1:
                    findlist_no(l);break;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    findlist_name(l);break;
                case 3:
                    system("cls");
                    return;
            }
            break;
        case 3:
            system("cls");
            modify(l);
            break;
        case 4:
            system("cls");
            insertlist(l);
            break;
        case 5:
            system("cls");
            deletelist(l);
            break;
        case 6:
            system("cls");
            showlist(l);
            break;
//        case 7:
//            system("cls");
//            preserve();
//            break;
        case 8:
            system("cls");
            printf("                      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
            printf("                             ------------------------1.按性别分类排序-----------------------\n");
            printf("                             ------------------------2.按年龄分类统计-----------------------\n");
            printf("                             ------------------------3.退出本菜单    -----------------------\n");
            printf("                      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
            cin>>i;
            switch (i) {
                case 1:
                    sortsex(l);break;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    sortage(l);break;
                case 3:
                    system("cls");
                    return;
            }
            break;
        case 9:
            system("cls");
            k=0;
            break;
        default:
            printf("                             请在0-9之间选择\n");
    }
}


int main(){
    linklist l;
    initlist(l);
    //creatllist(l);
    while(k){
        menu(l);
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

这个程序总报错 不知道什么问题555 明天就要答辩了 哥快帮我看眼 随便指点一下也行 我是真看不出来哪里有问题orz orz orz orz

Answer 1

插入都不新建节点，没得救了。