laocai30 2022-03-29 21:14 采纳率: 76.3%
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怎么办乱错怎么写哇数据结构链表问题

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用链表表示多项式时,每个链表结点存储多项式中的一个非零项包括系数和指数

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  • 赵4老师 2022-03-30 09:31
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    仅供参考:

    //链表实现一元多项式的加法减法乘法
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    typedef struct node {
        float  coef;   //系数
        int    expn;   //指数
        struct node *next;
    } PolyNode;
    typedef PolyNode* Polynomial;
    Polynomial createPolynomial() {  //创建多项式
        PolyNode *p, *q, *head = (PolyNode *)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
        head->next = NULL;
        float coef;
        int expn;
        printf("输入该多项式每一项的系数和指数,每项一行,输入0 0结束!\n");
        while (1) {
            scanf("%f %d", &coef, &expn);
            if (0.0==coef && 0==expn) break;
            if (head->next) {
                p = head;
                while (p->next && expn < p->next->expn) p = p->next;
                if (p->next) {
                    if (expn == p->next->expn) { //有相同指数的直接把系数加到原多项式
                        p->next->coef += coef;
                        if (-0.00001f < p->next->coef && p->next->coef < 0.00001f) { //若是相加后系数为0,则舍弃该节点
                            q = p->next;
                            p->next = q->next;
                            free(q);
                        }
                    } else {
                        q       = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                        q->coef = coef;
                        q->expn = expn;
                        q->next = p->next;
                        p->next = q;
                    }
                } else {
                    p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                    p       = p->next;
                    p->coef = coef;
                    p->expn = expn;
                    p->next = NULL;
                }
            } else {
                head->next       = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                head->next->coef = coef;
                head->next->expn = expn;
                head->next->next = NULL;
            }
        }
        return head;
    }
    Polynomial polyAdd(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) { //多项式相加 poly1+poly2形成一个新的多项式
        Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));  //和多项式的头节点
        poly->next = NULL;
        PolyNode *p, *q, *r;
        r = poly;
        p = poly1->next;
        q = poly2->next;
        while (p&&q) {
            if (p->expn > q->expn) {
                r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                r       = r->next;
                r->coef = p->coef;
                r->expn = p->expn;
                p       = p->next;
            } else if (p->expn < q->expn) {
                r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                r       = r->next;
                r->coef = q->coef;
                r->expn = q->expn;
                q       = q->next;
            } else {
                float m = p->coef + q->coef;
                if (!(-0.00001f <m && m < 0.00001f)) {
                    r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
                    r       = r->next;
                    r->coef = m;
                    r->expn = p->expn;
                }
                q = q->next;
                p = p->next;
            }
        }
        while (p) {
            r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
            r       = r->next;
            r->coef = p->coef;
            r->expn = p->expn;
            p       = p->next;
        }
        while (q) {
            r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
            r       = r->next;
            r->coef = q->coef;
            r->expn = q->expn;
            q       = q->next;
        }
        r->next = NULL;
        return poly;
    }
    Polynomial polySubtract(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) {  //多项式减法 poly1-poly2形成一个新的多项式
        //把poly2的系数取相反数,形成一个新的多项式
        Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode)); //构造头节点
        PolyNode *p, *q;
        p = poly;
        q = poly2->next;
        while (q) {
            p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
            p       = p->next;
            p->coef = -(q->coef);  //系数取反
            p->expn = q->expn;
            q       = q->next;
        }
        p->next = NULL;
        Polynomial poly3 = polyAdd(poly1, poly);  //利用加法
        return poly3;
    }
    void add(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) {  //把 poly2 加到 poly1 上
        PolyNode *p, *q, *r;
        r = poly1;
        p = poly1->next;  //指向第一个节点
        q = poly2->next;
        poly2->next = NULL;
        while (p && q) {
            if (p->expn > q->expn) {
                r->next = p;
                p       = p->next;
                r       = r->next;
            } else if (p->expn < q->expn) {
                r->next = q;
                q       = q->next;
                r       = r->next;
            } else {
                PolyNode *t;
                p->coef += q->coef;
                if (!(-0.00001f < p->coef && p->coef < 0.00001f)) { //系数不为0
                    r->next = p;
                    r       = r->next;
                    p       = p->next;
                } else {
                    t = p;
                    p = p->next;
                    free(t);
                }
                t = q;
                q = q->next;
                free(t);
            }
        }
        if (p) r->next = p;
        if (q) r->next = q;
    }
    void printPoly(Polynomial poly) {  //打印多项式
        if (poly && poly->next) {
            PolyNode *p = poly->next;  //p指向第一个节点
            while (p->next) {
                if (1!=p->expn) printf("%g X^%d", p->coef, p->expn);
                else            printf("%g X"   , p->coef         );
                p = p->next;
                if (p) {
                    if (p->coef > 0) printf(" +");
                    else             printf(" ");
                }
            }
            if (p->expn == 0)
                printf("%g", p->coef);   //打印常数项
            else {
                if (1!=p->expn) printf("%g X^%d", p->coef, p->expn);
                else            printf("%g X"   , p->coef         );
            }
            printf("\n");
        } else {
            printf("0\n");
        }
    }
    Polynomial multiply(Polynomial poly, float coef, int expn) {  //多项式与指定单项式相乘,该单项式为 coefx^expn
        PolyNode *p, *q, *Poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
        p = Poly;
        q = poly->next;
        while (q) {
            p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
            p       = p->next;
            p->coef = (q->coef * coef);
            p->expn = (q->expn + expn);
            q       = q->next;
        }
        p->next = NULL;
    //  printf("多项式");printPoly(poly);
    //  printf("乘");printf("%g X^%d\n",coef,expn);
    //  printPoly(Poly);
        return Poly;
    }
    Polynomial polyMultiply(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) {  //多项式相乘
        Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));  //创建多项式和的头节点
        poly->next = NULL;
        PolyNode *p;
        p = poly2->next;
        while (p) {
            add(poly, multiply(poly1, p->coef, p->expn));
    //      printf("子多项式");printPoly(poly);
            p = p->next;
        }
    //  printf("结果多项式");printPoly(poly);
        return poly;
    }
    void freePoly(Polynomial poly) {  //释放内存
        if (poly && poly->next) {
            PolyNode *p, *q;
            p = poly;
            while (p) {
                q = p->next;
                free(p);
                p = q;
            }
        }
        poly = NULL;
    }
    int main() {
        printf("用链表实现多项式的加减乘法\n");
        Polynomial poly1, poly2, poly3;
    
        printf("创建多项式一\n");
        poly1 = createPolynomial();
    
        printf("创建多项式二\n");
        poly2 = createPolynomial();
    
        printf("          多项式一:");printPoly(poly1);
        printf("          多项式二:");printPoly(poly2);
    
        poly3 = polyAdd(poly1, poly2);
        printf("两多项式相加,和为:");printPoly(poly3);
        freePoly(poly3);
    
        poly3 = polySubtract(poly1, poly2);
        printf("两多项式相减,差为:");printPoly(poly3);
        freePoly(poly3);
    
    //  printf("          多项式一:");printPoly(poly1);
    //  printf("          多项式二:");printPoly(poly2);
        poly3 = polyMultiply(poly1, poly2);
        printf("两多项式相乘,积为:");printPoly(poly3);
        freePoly(poly3);
    
        freePoly(poly2);
        freePoly(poly1);
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    }
    //用链表实现多项式的加减乘法
    //创建多项式一
    //输入该多项式每一项的系数和指数,每项一行,输入0 0结束!
    //4 9
    //3 6
    //2 5
    //0 0
    //创建多项式二
    //输入该多项式每一项的系数和指数,每项一行,输入0 0结束!
    //4 9
    //3 6
    //2 5
    //0 0
    //        多项式一:4 X^9 +3 X^6 +2 X^5
    //        多项式二:4 X^9 +3 X^6 +2 X^5
    //两多项式相加,和为:8 X^9 +6 X^6 +4 X^5
    //两多项式相减,差为:0
    //两多项式相乘,积为:16 X^18 +24 X^15 +16 X^14 +9 X^12 +12 X^11 +4 X^10
    //请按任意键继续. . .
    
    
    
    
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  • 已结题 (查看结题原因) 3月30日
  • 已采纳回答 3月30日
  • 创建了问题 3月29日

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