C++代码改C语言代码，引用怎么改

Question

问题：
求把C++中的引用改到C语言怎么改？
要求：
求把下面的代码改成C语言的代码
代码如下：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#define MAX_NODESIZE 999999
#define N 3    //4



//----------------------------------八数码结构体----------------------------------//
typedef struct node
{
    //节点状态
    int a[N][N];

    //空格的下标
    int i_0, j_0;

    //启发信息
    int d, w, f;    //搜索深度，各棋子不在正确位置的数目，总代价

    //指向父节点指针
    struct node* father;
}node, * p_node;



//----------------------------------顺序表结构体----------------------------------//
typedef struct list
{
    p_node a[MAX_NODESIZE];
    long length;
}list, * p_list;



//-------------------------------初始节点&目标节点--------------------------------//
static int s0[N][N] = { 2,8,3,1,0,4,7,6,5 };    //初始结点
//static int s0[N][N] = { 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,0,5,10,11,12,9,13,14,15 };
/*
2    8    3
1    0    4
7    6    5
*/

static int sg[N][N] = { 1,2,3,8,0,4,7,6,5 };    //目标结点
//static int sg[N][N] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,0 };
/*
1    2    3
8    0    4
7    6    5
*/


//---------------------------------结构体开辟空间---------------------------------//
p_node s_0 = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));        //初始节点
p_node s_g = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));        //目标节点

p_list OPEN = (p_list)malloc(sizeof(list));        //OPEN表
p_list CLOSE = (p_list)malloc(sizeof(list));    //CLOSE表



//------------------------------------声明函数------------------------------------//
int w(p_node s);                        //启发函数，再次设置为曼哈顿距离
int f(p_node s);                        //估价函数
void init_node();                        //初始化
void out_node(p_node s);                //输出八数码
void list_reverse(p_node& p);            //将链表逆序
void out_list(p_list& l);                //输出OPEN表
bool search_list(p_list& l, p_node s);//对表进行查找，成功返回true
void sort_list(p_list& l);                //对OPEN表进行排序（按f从小到大）
void add_list(p_list& l, p_node s);    //加入结点到OPEN表中或CLOSE表中
void copy_node(p_node s1, p_node& s2);//生成新的结点（将s2赋值给s1）
void delete_list(p_list& l);            //从OPEN表或CLOSE中删除结点
bool is_equal(p_node s1, p_node s2);    //判断两节点是否相等
bool up_mov(p_node& s);                //空格上移
bool down_mov(p_node& s);                //空格下移
bool left_mov(p_node& s);                //空格左移
bool right_mov(p_node& s);                //空格右移
void move(p_node s);                    //移动父节点并加入未探索表中（扩展结点）
int find_i(int a);
int find_j(int a);



//-------------------------------------主函数-------------------------------------//
int main()
{
    init_node();

    printf("\n程序求解过程如下：\n");
    printf("=================================================================\n\n");

    while (OPEN->length != 0 && CLOSE->length <= 1000)    //最多循环次数1000次
    {
        p_node n = OPEN->a[0];    //把Open表的第一个节点取出放入Close表，并记该节点为n
        delete_list(OPEN);

        if (is_equal(n, s_g))    //考察节点n是否为目标节点。若是，则找到了问题的解，成功退出；亦可换成 if(w(n)==0){...}
        {

            //out_node(n);
            //list_reverse(n);
            //list_reverse(n);
            list_reverse(n);
            while (n)
            {
                printf("第 %d 步：\n", n->d + 1);
                out_node(n);
                n = n->father;
            }
            break;
        }

        add_list(CLOSE, n);
        move(n);    //扩展节点

        sort_list(OPEN);
        out_list(OPEN);
    }

    if (OPEN->length == 0 || CLOSE->length > 10000)
    {
        printf("\n从初始结点无法到达目标结点！\n\n");
    }

    return 0;


}



//--------------------------计算启发函数，再次为曼哈顿距离---------------------------//
int w(p_node s)  //w为当前图与目标图不同数字个数
{
    /*int r = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (s->a[i][j] != sg[i][j])
                r++;
        }
    }
    if (s->a[1][1] == sg[1][1])
        r++;
    return r-1;*/
    int r = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            r += abs(i - find_i(s->a[i][j])) + abs(j - find_j(s->a[i][j]));
        }
    }
    return r;
}

int f(p_node s)
{
    return (s->d + s->w);
}


//-------------------------------------初始化-------------------------------------//
void init_node()
{
    //------------------------初始化初始节点

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            s_0->a[i][j] = s0[i][j];

            if (s_0->a[i][j] == 0)
            {
                s_0->i_0 = i;
                s_0->j_0 = j;
            }
        }
    }

    s_0->d = 0;
    s_0->w = w(s_0);
    s_0->f = f(s_0);
    s_0->father = NULL;

    //------------------------初始化目标节点

    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            s_g->a[i][j] = sg[i][j];
            if (s_g->a[i][j] == 0)
            {
                s_g->i_0 = i;
                s_g->j_0 = j;
            }
        }
    }

    s_g->d = 0;
    s_g->w = w(s_g);
    s_g->f = f(s_g);

    OPEN->length = 0;
    CLOSE->length = 0;

    add_list(OPEN, s_0);    //初始节点加入OPEN表中

    printf("初始节点为：\n");    //打印初始节点
    out_node(s_0);

    printf("目标节点为：\n");    //打印目标节点
    out_node(s_g);
}



//---------------------------------输出八数码-------------------------------------//
void out_node(p_node s)
{
    printf("-------------------\n");
    //printf(" x=%d,y=%d\n", s->i_0, s->j_0);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            printf("%5d", s->a[i][j]);
        }

        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("-------------------");
    printf(" d=%d,w=%d;  f=%d\n\n\n", s->d, s->w, s->f);
}



//---------------------------------将链表逆序-------------------------------------//
void list_reverse(p_node& p)
{
    p_node p_pre, p_suc;

    p_pre = NULL;
    p_suc = p->father;

    while (p)
    {
        p->father = p_pre;
        p_pre = p;
        if (p_suc == NULL)
            break;
        p = p_suc;
        p_suc = p_suc->father;
    }
}



//---------------------------------输出OPEN表-------------------------------------//
void out_list(p_list& l)
{
    printf("****************************************************************\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < l->length; i++)
    {
        out_node(l->a[i]);
    }
    printf("****************************************************************\n");
}


//-------------------------对表进行查找，成功返回true-----------------------------//
bool search_list(p_list& l, p_node s)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < l->length; i++)
    {
        if (is_equal(l->a[i], s))
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}



//-------------------对OPEN表进行排序（按f从小到大）(插入）-----------------------//
void sort_list(p_list& l)
{
    p_node temp = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));

    for (int i = 1; i < l->length; i++)
    {
        int j = i - 1;
        copy_node(temp, l->a[i]);
        while (j >= 0 && (temp->f < l->a[j]->f))
        {
            copy_node(l->a[j + 1], l->a[j]);//l->a[j + 1] = l->a[j];
            j--;
        }
        copy_node(l->a[j + 1], temp);
    }
}


//------------------------加入结点到OPEN表中或CLOSE表中---------------------------//
void add_list(p_list& l, p_node s)
{
    l->a[l->length++] = s;
}


//-------------------------生成新的结点（将s2赋值给s1）---------------------------//
void copy_node(p_node s1, p_node & s2)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            s1->a[i][j] = s2->a[i][j];
        }
    }

    s1->i_0 = s2->i_0;
    s1->j_0 = s2->j_0;

    s1->d = s2->d;
    s1->w = s2->w;
    s1->f = s2->f;
    s1->father = s2->father;
}



//--------------------------从OPEN表或CLOSE中删除结点-----------------------------//
void delete_list(p_list& l)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < l->length; i++)
    {
        l->a[i] = l->a[i + 1];
    }
    l->length--;
}



//----------------------------判断两节点是否相等----------------------------------//
bool is_equal(p_node s1, p_node s2)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (s1->a[i][j] != s2->a[i][j])
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}



//----------------------------------空格左移--------------------------------------//
bool left_mov(p_node& s)
{
    if (s->j_0 == 0)
        return false;
    int temp;
    temp = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0] = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0 - 1];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0 - 1] = temp;

    s->j_0--;
    return true;
}



//----------------------------------空格右移--------------------------------------//
bool right_mov(p_node& s)
{
    if (s->j_0 == N - 1)
        return false;

    int temp;
    temp = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0] = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0 + 1];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0 + 1] = temp;

    s->j_0++;
    return true;
}



//----------------------------------空格上移--------------------------------------//
bool up_mov(p_node& s)
{
    if (s->i_0 == 0)
        return false;

    int temp;
    temp = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0] = s->a[s->i_0 - 1][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0 - 1][s->j_0] = temp;

    s->i_0--;
    return true;
}



//----------------------------------空格上移--------------------------------------//
bool down_mov(p_node& s)
{
    if (s->i_0 == N - 1)
        return false;

    int temp;
    temp = s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0][s->j_0] = s->a[s->i_0 + 1][s->j_0];
    s->a[s->i_0 + 1][s->j_0] = temp;

    s->i_0++;
    return true;
}



//----------------------移动父节点并加入未探索表中（扩展结点）--------------------//
void move(p_node s)
{
    p_node p1 = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));
    p_node p2 = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));
    p_node p3 = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));
    p_node p4 = (p_node)malloc(sizeof(node));

    copy_node(p1, s);
    copy_node(p2, s);
    copy_node(p3, s);
    copy_node(p4, s);

    p1->father = s;
    p2->father = s;
    p3->father = s;
    p4->father = s;

    //如果能够移动且在CLOSE表中不存在，则加入OPEN表中
    if (left_mov(p1) && !is_equal(p1, p1->father) && !search_list(CLOSE, p1) && !search_list(OPEN, p1))
    {
        add_list(OPEN, p1);
        p1->d++;
        p1->w = w(p1);
        p1->f = f(p1);
    }
    else
        free(p1);

    if (right_mov(p2) && !is_equal(p2, p2->father) && !search_list(CLOSE, p2) && !search_list(OPEN, p2))
    {
        add_list(OPEN, p2);
        p2->d++;
        p2->w = w(p2);
        p2->f = f(p2);
    }
    else
        free(p2);

    if (up_mov(p3) && !is_equal(p3, p3->father) && !search_list(CLOSE, p3) && !search_list(OPEN, p3))
    {
        add_list(OPEN, p3);
        p3->d++;
        p3->w = w(p3);
        p3->f = f(p3);
    }
    else
        free(p3);

    if (down_mov(p4) && !is_equal(p4, p4->father) && !search_list(CLOSE, p4) && !search_list(OPEN, p4))
    {
        add_list(OPEN, p4);
        p4->d++;
        p4->w = w(p4);
        p4->f = f(p4);
    }
    else
        free(p4);
}

int find_i(int a)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (sg[i][j] == a)
                return i;
        }
    }
}

int find_j(int a)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            if (sg[i][j] == a)
                return j;
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

引用可以改为指针