《外星人入侵》游戏运行结束后报错，并且最高得分无法保存

Question

我想要达到的结果

import sys
from time import sleep


import pygame


from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien  import  Alien


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()   
        self.settings  =  Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")


        # 创建存储游戏统计信息的实例
        # 并创建记分牌。
        self.stats = GameStats(self)
        self.sb = Scoreboard(self)


        self.ship = Ship(self)
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()


        self._create_fleet()


        # 设置背景色
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230,)


        # 创建 Play 按钮。
        self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")




    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()


            if self.stats.game_active:   
                self.ship.update()
                self._update_bullets()
                self._update_aliens()


            self._update_screen()


    def _update_bullets(self):
        """更新子弹的位置并删除消失的子弹"""
        #更新子弹的位置
        self.bullets.update()
        
        #删除消失的子弹
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)


        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()


    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
        """响应子弹和外星人碰撞"""
        # 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人


        # 检查是否有子弹击中了外星人。
        #   如果是，就删除对应的外星人和子弹。
        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
                self.bullets,self.aliens,True,True)


        if collisions:
            for aliens in collisions.values():
                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
            self.sb.prep_score( )
            self.sb.check_high_score()
            

        if not self.aliens:
            #删除现有的子弹并新创建一群外星人。
            self.bullets.empty()
            self._create_fleet()
            self.settings.increase_speed()


            # 提高等级
            self.stats.level += 1
            self.sb.prep_level()


    def _ship_hit(self):
        """响应飞船被外星人撞到。"""
        if self.stats.ships_left > 0:   
            #将ships_left 减 1 并更新记分牌
            self.stats.ships_left -= 1
            self.sb.prep_ships()
            #清空余下的外星人和子弹。
            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()
            #创建一群外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央。
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()
            # 暂停
            sleep(0.5)
        else:
            self.stats.game_active = False
            pygame,mouse.set_visible(True)


    def _update_aliens(self):
        """检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，
        并更新外星人群中外星人的位置。"""
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.aliens.update()
           

        # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
            self._ship_hit()


        # 检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端
        self._check_aliens_bottom()




    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件。"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)


    def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
        """在玩家单击 bPlay 按钮时开始新游戏"""
        button_cliked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
        if button_cliked and not self.stats.game_active:
            # 重置游戏设置
            self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

            # 重置游戏统计信息
            self.stats.reset_stats()
            self.stats.game_active = True
            self.sb.prep_score()
            self.sb.prep_level()
            self.sb.prep_ships()


            # 清空余下的外星人和子弹
            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()



            # 创建一群新的外星人并让飞船居中。
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()
            # 隐藏鼠标光标
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)


    def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
             self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
             self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
             sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
             self._fire_bullet()



    def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
        """响应松开"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
                  # 向右移动飞船       
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False
                  # 向左移动飞船



    def _fire_bullet(self):
        """创建建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组bullets中。"""
        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
           new_bullet = Bullet(self)
           self.bullets.add(new_bullet)


    def _create_fleet(self):
        """创建外星人群"""
        # 创建一个外星人并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人。
        # 外星人的间距为外星人的宽度
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height  =  alien.rect.size
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)

        # 计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人。
        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height 
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -
                                   (3 * alien_height) - ship_height) 
        number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)

        # 创建外星人群
        for row_number in range(number_rows):
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)


    def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):        
           """创建第一外星人并将其加入当前行。"""
           alien = Alien(self)
           alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
           alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
           alien.rect.x = alien.x 
           alien.rect.y =alien.rect.height + 1.6 * alien.rect.height * row_number
           self.aliens.add(alien)


    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """有外星人到达屏幕边缘时采取相应的措施"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break


    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        """将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1


    def  _check_aliens_bottom(self):
         """检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端。"""
         screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
         for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
             if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
                 # 像飞船被撞到一样处理
                 self._ship_hit()
                 break







    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)


        # 显示得分
        self.sb.show_score()


        # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制 Play 按钮
        if not self.stats.game_active:
            self.play_button.draw_button()

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()




if __name__ == '__main__':
   # 创建游戏类并运行游戏
   ai =  AlienInvasion()
   ai.run_game()

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
    """管理飞船的类"""



    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置。"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen =   ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect    =   ai_game.screen.get_rect()


        #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image  =   pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        


        #对于每艘新飞船，都将其放在屏幕底部的中央。
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        # 在飞船的属性x中存储小数值
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)


        #移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left  = False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船位置"""
        # 更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值。
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
           self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
           self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed


           # 根据self.x更新rect对象
           self.rect.x = self.x




    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船。"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)


    def center_ship(self):
        """让飞船在屏幕底端居中"""
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

class Settings(object):
    """储存游戏《外星人入侵》中所有设置的类"""


    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的静态设置"""
        # 屏幕设置
        self.screen_width   =   1200
        self.screen_height  =   800
        self.bg_color   =   (230,230,230)
        
        # 飞船设置
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.ship_limit = 3


        #子弹设置
        self.bullet_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 5


        # 外星人设置
        self.alien_speed = 1.0
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        # 加快游戏节奏的速度
        self.speedup_scale = 0.5
        # 外星人分数的提高速度
        self.score_scale = 1.5


        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()


        # fleet_direction 为 1 表示向右移，为 -1 表示向左移。
        self.fleet_direction = 1


    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置。"""
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed = 3.0
        self.alien_speed = 1.0


        # fleet_direction为 1表示向右，为 -1 表示向右
        self.fleet_direction = 1


        # 记分
        self.alien_points = 50


    def increase_speed(self):
        """提高速度设置和外星人分数"""
        self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale


        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite



class Bullet(Sprite):
      """管理发射子弹的类"""



      def __init__(self,ai_game):
          """在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹对象"""
          super().__init__()
          self.screen = ai_game.screen
          self.settings = ai_game.settings
          self.color = self.settings.bullet_color


          #在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置。
          self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,
               self.settings.bullet_height)
          self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop



          # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置。
          self.y = float(self.rect.y)

      def update(self):
          """向上移动子弹"""
          # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
          self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
          # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置
          self.rect.y = self.y 

      def draw_bullet(self):
        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite


class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人的类"""
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置。"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen  =  ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings


        # 加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性。
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()


        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近。
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height


        # 存储外星人的精确水平位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)


    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
              return True


    def update(self):
        """向左或右移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * 
          self.settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x

class GameStats:
    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""


    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化统计信息"""
        # 任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
        self.high_score = 0
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.reset_stats()


         # 游戏刚启动时处于活跃状态。
        self.game_active = True


        # 让游戏一开始处于非活动状态
        self.game_active = False
        

    def reset_stats(self):
        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息。"""
        self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1

import pygame.font


class Button:


        def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
            """初始化按钮的属性。"""
            self.screen = ai_game.screen
            self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()


            # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性。
            self.width, self.height = 200,50
            self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
            self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
            self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)


            # 创建按钮的 rect 对象，并让其居中。
            self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
            self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center


            # 按钮的标签只需创建一次
            self._prep_msg(msg)


        def _prep_msg(self,msg):
            """将 msg 渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中."""
            self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True ,self.text_color,
                    self.button_color)
            self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
            self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center


        def draw_button(self):
            # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本。
            self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
            self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
            # 任何情况下都不会重置最高得分。
            self.high_score = 0

from pygame.sprite import Group


from ship import Ship


class Scoreboard:
    """显示得分信息的类"""


    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
        self.ai_game = ai_game
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.stats = ai_game.stats

        # 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置。
        self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
        # 准备初始包含得分和最高得分的图像
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()


    def prep_score(self):
        """将得分转换为渲染的图像"""
        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,
                self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)


        # 在屏幕右上方显示得分
        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right =  self.screen_rect.right - 20
        self.score_rect.top = 20


    def prep_high_score(self):
        """将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
        high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True,
                self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)


| 表头 | 表头 |
| ------ | ------ |
| 单元格 | 单元格 |
| 单元格 | 单元格 |

![img](https://img-mid.csdnimg.cn/release/static/image/mid/ask/237795242166130.png "#left")


        # 将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top


    def check_high_score(self):
        """检查是否诞生了新的最高分。"""
        if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
            self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
            self.prep_high_score()


    def show_score(self):
        """在屏幕上显示得分 等级余下的飞船数。"""
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)



    def prep_level(self):
        """将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
        level_str = str(self.stats.level)
        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,
            self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)


        # 将等级放在得分下方
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10


    def prep_ships(self):
        """显示还剩余多少艘飞船"""
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
            ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)

Answer 1

提示mouse变量没有定义
第129行
pygame,mouse.set_visible(True)
这里点号写成逗号了啊，应该是
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)