First of all: you really should express what you have already tried to achieve this and why things are not working. This is really basic stuff and after reading the PHP manual and some HTML tutorials, you really should be able to get this thing going on your own.
The easiest way would be to make your buttons include a different parameter:
<button onclick="window.location.href='index.php?page=foo';">click me</button>
<button onclick="window.location.href='index.php?page=bar';">click me</button>
And read out the parameter with PHP:
<?php
if (isset($_GET['page'])) {
switch($_GET['page']) {
case 'foo':
// include page foo
break;
case 'bar':
// include page bar
break;
}
}
Disclaimer: I said easiest, not most elegant. :)