基于知识图谱医疗问诊系统的改进

Question

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
# File: question_classifier.py

import os
import ahocorasick


class QuestionClassifier:
    def __init__(self):
        cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1])
        #　特征词路径
        self.disease_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/disease.txt')
        self.department_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/department.txt')
        self.check_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/check.txt')
        self.drug_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/drug.txt')
        self.food_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/food.txt')
        self.producer_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/producer.txt')
        self.symptom_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/symptom.txt')
        self.deny_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'dict/deny.txt')
        # 加载特征词
        self.disease_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.disease_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.department_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.department_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.check_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.check_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.drug_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.drug_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.food_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.food_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.producer_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.producer_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.symptom_wds= [i.strip() for i in open(self.symptom_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        self.region_words = set(self.department_wds + self.disease_wds + self.check_wds + self.drug_wds + self.food_wds + self.producer_wds + self.symptom_wds)
        self.deny_words = [i.strip() for i in open(self.deny_path,encoding='utf-8') if i.strip()]
        # 构造领域actree
        self.region_tree = self.build_actree(list(self.region_words))
        # 构建词典
        self.wdtype_dict = self.build_wdtype_dict()
        # 问句疑问词
        self.symptom_qwds = ['症状', '表征', '现象', '症候', '表现']
        self.cause_qwds = ['原因','成因', '为什么', '怎么会', '怎样才', '咋样才', '怎样会', '如何会', '为啥', '为何', '如何才会', '怎么才会', '会导致', '会造成']
        self.acompany_qwds = ['并发症', '并发', '一起发生', '一并发生', '一起出现', '一并出现', '一同发生', '一同出现', '伴随发生', '伴随', '共现']
        self.food_qwds = ['饮食', '饮用', '吃', '食', '伙食', '膳食', '喝', '菜' ,'忌口', '补品', '保健品', '食谱', '菜谱', '食用', '食物','补品']
        self.drug_qwds = ['药', '药品', '用药', '胶囊', '口服液', '炎片']
        self.prevent_qwds = ['预防', '防范', '抵制', '抵御', '防止','躲避','逃避','避开','免得','逃开','避开','避掉','躲开','躲掉','绕开',
                             '怎样才能不', '怎么才能不', '咋样才能不','咋才能不', '如何才能不',
                             '怎样才不', '怎么才不', '咋样才不','咋才不', '如何才不',
                             '怎样才可以不', '怎么才可以不', '咋样才可以不', '咋才可以不', '如何可以不',
                             '怎样才可不', '怎么才可不', '咋样才可不', '咋才可不', '如何可不']
        self.lasttime_qwds = ['周期', '多久', '多长时间', '多少时间', '几天', '几年', '多少天', '多少小时', '几个小时', '多少年']
        self.cureway_qwds = ['怎么治疗', '如何医治', '怎么医治', '怎么治', '怎么医', '如何治', '医治方式', '疗法', '咋治', '怎么办', '咋办', '咋治']
        self.cureprob_qwds = ['多大概率能治好', '多大几率能治好', '治好希望大么', '几率', '几成', '比例', '可能性', '能治', '可治', '可以治', '可以医']
        self.easyget_qwds = ['易感人群', '容易感染', '易发人群', '什么人', '哪些人', '感染', '染上', '得上']
        self.check_qwds = ['检查', '检查项目', '查出', '检查', '测出', '试出']
        self.belong_qwds = ['属于什么科', '属于', '什么科', '科室']
        self.cure_qwds = ['治疗什么', '治啥', '治疗啥', '医治啥', '治愈啥', '主治啥', '主治什么', '有什么用', '有何用', '用处', '用途',
                          '有什么好处', '有什么益处', '有何益处', '用来', '用来做啥', '用来作甚', '需要', '要']

        print('model init finished ......')

        return

    '''分类主函数'''
    def classify(self, question):
        data = {}
        medical_dict = self.check_medical(question)
        if not medical_dict:
            return {}
        data['args'] = medical_dict
        #收集问句当中所涉及到的实体类型
        types = []
        for type_ in medical_dict.values():
            types += type_
        question_type = 'others'

        question_types = []

        # 症状
        if self.check_words(self.symptom_qwds, question) and ('disease' in types):
            question_type = 'disease_symptom'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        if self.check_words(self.symptom_qwds, question) and ('symptom' in types):
            question_type = 'symptom_disease'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 原因
        if self.check_words(self.cause_qwds, question) and ('disease' in types):
            question_type = 'disease_cause'
            question_types.append(question_type)
        # 并发症
        if self.check_words(self.acompany_qwds, question) and ('disease' in types):
            question_type = 'disease_acompany'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 推荐食品
        if self.check_words(self.food_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            deny_status = self.check_words(self.deny_words, question)
            if deny_status:
                question_type = 'disease_not_food'
            else:
                question_type = 'disease_do_food'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        #已知食物找疾病
        if self.check_words(self.food_qwds+self.cure_qwds, question) and 'food' in types:
            deny_status = self.check_words(self.deny_words, question)
            if deny_status:
                question_type = 'food_not_disease'
            else:
                question_type = 'food_do_disease'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 推荐药品
        if self.check_words(self.drug_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_drug'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 药品治啥病
        if self.check_words(self.cure_qwds, question) and 'drug' in types:
            question_type = 'drug_disease'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 疾病接受检查项目
        if self.check_words(self.check_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_check'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 已知检查项目查相应疾病
        if self.check_words(self.check_qwds+self.cure_qwds, question) and 'check' in types:
            question_type = 'check_disease'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        #　症状防御
        if self.check_words(self.prevent_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_prevent'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 疾病医疗周期
        if self.check_words(self.lasttime_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_lasttime'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 疾病治疗方式
        if self.check_words(self.cureway_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_cureway'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 疾病治愈可能性
        if self.check_words(self.cureprob_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types:
            question_type = 'disease_cureprob'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 疾病易感染人群
        if self.check_words(self.easyget_qwds, question) and 'disease' in types :
            question_type = 'disease_easyget'
            question_types.append(question_type)

        # 若没有查到相关的外部查询信息，那么则将该疾病的描述信息返回
        if question_types == [] and 'disease' in types:
            question_types = ['disease_desc']

        # 若没有查到相关的外部查询信息，那么则将该疾病的描述信息返回
        if question_types == [] and 'symptom' in types:
            question_types = ['symptom_disease']

        # 将多个分类结果进行合并处理，组装成一个字典
        data['question_types'] = question_types

        return data

    '''构造词对应的类型'''
    def build_wdtype_dict(self):
        wd_dict = dict()
        for wd in self.region_words:
            wd_dict[wd] = []
            if wd in self.disease_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('disease')
            if wd in self.department_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('department')
            if wd in self.check_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('check')
            if wd in self.drug_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('drug')
            if wd in self.food_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('food')
            if wd in self.symptom_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('symptom')
            if wd in self.producer_wds:
                wd_dict[wd].append('producer')
        return wd_dict

    '''构造actree，加速过滤'''
    def build_actree(self, wordlist):
        actree = ahocorasick.Automaton()
        for index, word in enumerate(wordlist):
            actree.add_word(word, (index, word))
        actree.make_automaton()
        return actree

    '''问句过滤'''
    def check_medical(self, question):
        region_wds = []
        for i in self.region_tree.iter(question):
            wd = i[1][1]
            region_wds.append(wd)
        stop_wds = []
        for wd1 in region_wds:
            for wd2 in region_wds:
                if wd1 in wd2 and wd1 != wd2:
                    stop_wds.append(wd1)
        final_wds = [i for i in region_wds if i not in stop_wds]
        final_dict = {i:self.wdtype_dict.get(i) for i in final_wds}

        return final_dict

    '''基于特征词进行分类'''
    def check_words(self, wds, sent):
        for wd in wds:
            if wd in sent:
                return True
        return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    handler = QuestionClassifier()
    while 1:
        question = input('input an question:')
        data = handler.classify(question)
        print(data)

这是GitHub liuhuanyong的医疗问诊知识图谱问答系统的部分模块。
实际运行中，发现每次调用程序都需要重新通过下面这行代码来构建词典

        # 构建词典
        self.wdtype_dict = self.build_wdtype_dict()

耗时极长，目前思路是提前构造好词典文件，直接拿来使用，不必每次启动问答程序后都来重新构造词典。

参考liuhuanyong医疗知识图谱问诊系统：https://github.com/liuhuanyong/QASystemOnMedicalKG
。

Answer 1

引用chatGPT作答，你可以尝试使用Python中的多线程或者异步编程来解决这个问题。在初始化问答程序相关模块时，可以使用多线程或者异步编程来使程序在后台初始化，同时向用户返回一个提示信息"正在答复中"。当初始化完成后，程序即可立即回答用户的问题，避免超时。

以下是使用多线程的示例代码：

import threading

class Handle(object):
    def POST(self):
        try:
            webData = web.data()
            recMsg = receive.parse_xml(webData)
            if isinstance(recMsg, receive.Msg) and recMsg.MsgType == 'text':
                toUser = recMsg.FromUserName
                fromUser = recMsg.ToUserName
                answering = "正在答复中，请耐心等待......"
                content = answering
                replyMsg = reply.TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
                replyMsg.send()
                # 使用多线程初始化问答程序相关模块
                t = threading.Thread(target=self.chatbot_reply, args=(toUser, fromUser, recMsg.Content))
                t.start()
                return "success"
            else:
                print ("暂且不处理")
                return "success"
        except Exception as Argment:
            return Argment

    def chatbot_reply(self, toUser, fromUser, content):
        # 初始化问答程序相关模块
        handler = test_chatbot.ChatBotGraph()
        answer = handler.chat_main(content)
        content = answer
        replyMsg = reply.TextMsg(toUser, fromUser, content)
        replyMsg.send()

在上面的示例代码中，当接收到用户的问题时，先回复用户一个提示信息，然后使用多线程初始化问答程序相关模块。在多线程中，调用问答程序相关模块的函数来回答用户的问题。初始化程序完成后，即可立即回答用户的问题，避免超时。