安装pygame时出现的一些问题

我在安装pygame时，他报了一大错，也没安上

报错：


```python
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 34, in global_tempdir_manager
    yield
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 144, in __exit__
    next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\build\build_tracker.py", line 44, in get_build_tracker
    with contextlib.ExitStack() as ctx:
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 586, in __exit__
    raise exc_details[1]
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 156, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 173, in cleanup
    rmtree(self._path)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 291, in wrapped_f
    return self(f, *args, **kw)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 381, in __call__
    do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 327, in iter
    raise retry_exc.reraise()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 160, in reraise
    raise self.last_attempt.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 449, in result
    return self.__get_result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 401, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 384, in __call__
    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 128, in rmtree
    shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onexc=rmtree_errorhandler)
TypeError: rmtree() got an unexpected keyword argument 'onexc'
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 156, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 173, in cleanup
    rmtree(self._path)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 291, in wrapped_f
    return self(f, *args, **kw)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 381, in __call__
    do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 327, in iter
    raise retry_exc.reraise()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 160, in reraise
    raise self.last_attempt.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 449, in result
    return self.__get_result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 401, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 384, in __call__
    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 128, in rmtree
    shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onexc=rmtree_errorhandler)
TypeError: rmtree() got an unexpected keyword argument 'onexc'
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 156, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 173, in cleanup
    rmtree(self._path)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 291, in wrapped_f
    return self(f, *args, **kw)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 381, in __call__
    do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 327, in iter
    raise retry_exc.reraise()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 160, in reraise
    raise self.last_attempt.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 449, in result
    return self.__get_result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 401, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 384, in __call__
    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 128, in rmtree
    shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onexc=rmtree_errorhandler)
TypeError: rmtree() got an unexpected keyword argument 'onexc'
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 7, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main.py", line 79, in main
    return command.main(cmd_args)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 100, in main
    with self.main_context():
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 144, in __exit__
    next(self.gen)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\command_context.py", line 19, in main_context
    with self._main_context:
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 586, in __exit__
    raise exc_details[1]
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 155, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(value)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 31, in global_tempdir_manager
    with ExitStack() as stack:
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 586, in __exit__
    raise exc_details[1]
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\contextlib.py", line 571, in __exit__
    if cb(*exc_details):
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 156, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 173, in cleanup
    rmtree(self._path)
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 291, in wrapped_f
    return self(f, *args, **kw)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 381, in __call__
    do = self.iter(retry_state=retry_state)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 327, in iter
    raise retry_exc.reraise()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 160, in reraise
    raise self.last_attempt.result()
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 449, in result
    return self.__get_result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 401, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\tenacity\__init__.py", line 384, in __call__
    result = fn(*args, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\86180\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312-32\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 128, in rmtree
    shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onexc=rmtree_errorhandler)
TypeError: rmtree() got an unexpected keyword argument 'onexc'

```

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CSDN-Ada助手 CSDN-AI 官方账号 2023-10-03 18:16

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【相关推荐】

帮你找了个相似的问题, 你可以看下: https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7744153
我还给你找了一篇非常好的博客，你可以看看是否有帮助，链接：【Pygame实战】嗷大喵历险记之程序员吸猫指南：真的太上头了~
您还可以看一下程序员学院老师的Python专项训练巩固语法+数据分析+商城开发课程中的 Pygame开发实战之搭建主框架小节, 巩固相关知识点

除此之外, 这篇博客: 使用pygame实现的五子棋，状态机，估值函数中的 不那么重要的类，但对于这个五子棋来说，就是核心类 部分也许能够解决你的问题, 你可以仔细阅读以下内容或跳转源博客中阅读:

这里放一个大概，后面会给出全部代码

GameEntity的子类

# 棋子类
class Chessman(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, image):
        GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "Chessman", image)

棋盘局势 <- 整个棋盘的局势走向

# 棋盘局势
class ChessBoxSituations(object):
    def __init__(self, size=(19, 19)):
        self.size = size
        self.situations = {}		#棋盘局势（棋子在棋盘的点集）
        self.last_drop_position = (0, 0)
        self.current_drop_player = 0
        self.count = 0

    # 局势发展(棋子增加)
    def evolve(self, chessman_point, owner):
        self.situations[chessman_point] = owner
        self.last_drop_position = chessman_point
        self.count += 1

    # 获取棋盘某点坐标的状态
    def get_state(self, point):
        px, py = point
        x, y = self.size
        if x - px < 0 or y - py < 0 or x - px >= 19 or y - py >= 19:
            return self.OutOfRange()
        if point not in self.situations:
            return None
        return self.situations[point]

    class OutOfRange(object):
        pass

对战的AI

附：

# 八个方向 N:北， E:东， S:南， W:西
D_N = Vector2(0, -1)
D_EN = Vector2(1, -1)
D_E = Vector2(1, 0)
D_ES = Vector2(1, 1)
D_S = Vector2(0, 1)
D_WS = Vector2(-1, 1)
D_W = Vector2(-1, 0)
D_WN = Vector2(-1, -1)
DIRECTION = (D_N, D_EN, D_E, D_ES, D_S, D_WS, D_W, D_WN)

# 智能体棋手类
class PlayerAgent(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, box_situations, chess_image, no=1, opponent=0):
        GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "PlayerAgent")
        self.no = no	#自己
        self.opponent = opponent	#对手
        self.box_situations = box_situations
        self.chess_image = chess_image
        self.drop_points = []	# 可选的将要下的棋子位点
        self.points_weight = 0	# drop_points里的点的权重（里面所有点权重相同）
        wait_state = PlayerAgentStateWait(self)
        drop_state = PlayerAgentStateDrop(self)
        self.brain.add_state(drop_state)
        self.brain.add_state(wait_state)

    # 更新下棋点集
    def update_drop_points(self, location, weight):
        if self.points_weight < weight:
            self.drop_points.clear()
            self.drop_points.append(location)
            self.points_weight = weight

        elif self.points_weight == weight:
            self.drop_points.append(location)

    # 决策（获取下棋位置）
    def decision_making(self):
        self.points_weight = 0
        self.drop_points.clear()
        filter_point = []

        # 棋盘上所有的有棋子的点
        for point in self.box_situations.situations:

            # 获取该点的相邻八个点的空位点
            for DIR in DIRECTION:
                cur_point = point+DIR
                x, y = cur_point
                if self.box_situations.get_state((x, y)) is None:
                    if cur_point in filter_point:
                        continue
                    weight = self.evaluate(cur_point, self.no) + self.evaluate(cur_point, self.opponent)
                    self.update_drop_points((x, y), weight)
                    filter_point.append(cur_point)

        print("权重：", self.points_weight)
        print(self.drop_points)

        # 棋盘为空，棋盘为满
        if len(self.drop_points) == 0:
            return 10, 10
        return self.drop_points[randint(0, len(self.drop_points) - 1)]

    # 估值
    def evaluate(self, point, no):
        value = 0
		#......
		#此处省略n行代码
		#......
        return value

    # 下棋
    def drop(self, point):
        index_x, index_y = point
        destination_x = index_x * 30.25
        destination_y = index_y * 30.2 - 15
	
    	# 棋盘上该点没有棋子
        if (index_x, index_y) not in self.box_situations.situations:
            chess = Chessman(self.world, self.chess_image)
            chess.location = (destination_x, destination_y)
            self.world.add_entity(chess)
            self.box_situations.evolve(point, self.no)
            self.box_situations.current_drop_player = self.opponent

emmm、、、、、

规则设计的一个简单的智能体，主要在对局中对局部点价值的判断，然后综合起来后选择权重最高的点来下。
如何判断一个点的权重：evaluate（）
在棋盘上，一个点有八个方向，横竖左斜右斜。下棋时候，就会先估算在这八个方向上的总价值是多少。
栗子（没有看错，也没有写错，就是栗子）：点一在这里可以形成五子，那么价值就是300000，点二只能形成活四，那么这个点的价值就是3000。所以电脑在判断完所有的点后，会选出一个价值最大的点下。

五子棋的一些术语：活四，活三，活二，死四，死三，死二
附：
在这里插入图片描述

继承State类

# 智能体等待状态
class PlayerAgentStateWait(State):
    def __init__(self, player_agent):
        State.__init__(self, "PlayerAgentWait")
        self.player_agent = player_agent

    def check_conditions(self):
        if self.player_agent.world.is_over:
            return None
        if self.player_agent.world.playing and \
                self.player_agent.box_situations.current_drop_player == self.player_agent.no:
            return "PlayerAgentDrop"
        return None

继承State类

# 智能体下棋状态
class PlayerAgentStateDrop(State):
    def __init__(self, player_agent):
        State.__init__(self, "PlayerAgentDrop")
        self.player_agent = player_agent
        self.drop_point = None

    def do_actions(self):

        if self.drop_point is not None:
            self.player_agent.drop(self.drop_point)

    def check_conditions(self):
        if self.player_agent.box_situations.current_drop_player == self.player_agent.opponent:
            return "PlayerAgentWait"
        return None

    def entry_actions(self):
        self.DecisionMakingThread(self).start()

    class DecisionMakingThread(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, owner):
            threading.Thread.__init__(self)
            self.owner = owner

        def run(self):
            self.owner.drop_point = self.owner.player_agent.decision_making()

    def exit_actions(self):
        self.drop_point = None

它超脱于世界了~ ) _ )~
还有，感觉有点重复了。。。。

# 玩家
class Player(object):
    def __init__(self, world, box_situations, chess_image, no=0, opponent=1):
        self.world = world
        self.box_situations = box_situations
        self.chess_image = chess_image
        self.no = no
        self.opponent = opponent

    # 下棋
    def drop(self, location):
        # 同上智能体类

胜负在手，天下我有
注：被托管的可怜娃

# 裁判员
class Adjudicator(GameEntity):
    def __init__(self, world, box_situations):
        GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "Adjudicator")
        self.box_situations = box_situations
        self.win_image = pygame.image.load(WIN).convert()
        self.lose_image = pygame.image.load(LOSE).convert()
        self.winner = None	# 赢家
        self.current_time = 0
        self.update_time = -1

    def process(self, time_passed):
        # 游戏结束
        if self.world.is_over:
            # 游戏结束，等待3秒显示结果
            if self.update_time > self.current_time:
                self.current_time += time_passed
                return

            # 移除棋盘的棋子， 清空局势
            for entity in list(self.world.entities.values()):
                if entity.name is "Chessman":
                    self.world.remove_entity(entity)
            self.box_situations.situations.clear()
            self.box_situations.count = 0

            if self.winner == 0:
                self.image = self.win_image
            elif self.winner == 1:
                self.image = self.lose_image

            if self.winner is not None:
                w, h = SCREEN_SIZE
                self.location = (w / 3, h / 2)
                self.winner = None

        else:
            # 是否有胜负
            winner = self.win_or_lose()
            if winner is not None or self.box_situations.count == 361:
                self.world.is_over = True
                self.winner = winner
                # 得出胜负，在3秒后更新显示胜负视图
                self.update_time += 3
            else:
                # 没有胜负不显示胜负视图
                self.image = None

    def win_or_lose(self):
		#....

如果你已经解决了该问题, 非常希望你能够分享一下解决方案, 写成博客, 将相关链接放在评论区, 以帮助更多的人 ^-^