1.设计复数类Compl

Question

1.设计复数类Complex，实现运算符重载。要求:
(1)重载运算符“+”和“*”，使之分别能用于复数相加和相乘。
(2)重载运算符“<<”、使得复数对象能够使用“<<”运算符输出。
2.定义抽象类Geometry。在此基础上派生出类Rectangle和Circle。二者都有计算周长函数getPerim和计算面积的函数getAream。计算两者对象的周长和面积，测试动态多态性。

Answer 1

你自己可以先运行一下:
1.复数类 Complex 的实现和运算符重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    double real;
    double imag;

public:
    Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {}  // 构造函数

    // 重载 "+" 运算符用于复数相加
    Complex operator+(const Complex& other) const {
        return Complex(real + other.real, imag + other.imag);
    }

    // 重载 "*" 运算符用于复数相乘
    Complex operator*(const Complex& other) const {
        return Complex(real * other.real - imag * other.imag, real * other.imag + imag * other.real);
    }

    // 重载 "<<" 运算符用于输出复数
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c);
};

// 重载 "<<" 运算符的实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c) {
    out << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";
    return out;
}

// 复数类测试代码
int main() {
    Complex c1(3, 4), c2(1, 2);

    // 输出相加结果
    cout << "Sum: " << c1 + c2 << endl;

    // 输出相乘结果
    cout << "Product: " << c1 * c2 << endl;

    return 0;
}

2.抽象类 Geometry 和派生类 Rectangle 和 Circle 的实现

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// 抽象基类 Geometry
class Geometry {
public:
    virtual double getPerim() const = 0;  // 计算周长的纯虚函数
    virtual double getArea() const = 0;   // 计算面积的纯虚函数
    virtual ~Geometry() {}                // 虚析构函数
};

// 派生类 Rectangle
class Rectangle : public Geometry {
private:
    double width;
    double height;

public:
    Rectangle(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}

    double getPerim() const override {
        return 2 * (width + height);
    }

    double getArea() const override {
        return width * height;
    }
};

// 派生类 Circle
class Circle : public Geometry {
private:
    double radius;

public:
    Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}

    double getPerim() const override {
        return 2 * M_PI * radius;
    }

    double getArea() const override {
        return M_PI * radius * radius;
    }
};

// 测试抽象类和派生类
int main() {
    Geometry* shapes[2];
    shapes[0] = new Rectangle(5, 10);
    shapes[1] = new Circle(7);

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        cout << "Shape " << i+1 << ": Perimeter = " << shapes[i]->getPerim() << ", Area = " << shapes[i]->getArea() << endl;
        delete shapes[i];  // 删除动态分配的对象
    }

    return 0;
}