python做网络自动化运维的😔，求完整代码🥺

Question

项目所实现的功能，如使用telnetlib下发网络、使用paramiko实现网络设备自动化巡检、使用netmiko发现网络、使用PySNMP获取网络数据等；

Answer 1

晚上好🌙🌙🌙
本答案参考通义千问

要实现上述网络自动化运维项目，我们需要编写一系列脚本来完成各个任务。我们将使用telnetlib, paramiko, netmiko, 和 nornir3 库来完成这些任务。以下是完整的代码示例：

1. 使用telnetlib实现Telnet登录和命令下发

import telnetlib

def telnet_login(ip, username, password):
    tn = telnetlib.Telnet(ip)
    tn.read_until(b"Username: ")
    tn.write(username.encode('ascii') + b"\n")
    tn.read_until(b"Password: ")
    tn.write(password.encode('ascii') + b"\n")
    return tn

def send_command(tn, command):
    tn.write(command.encode('ascii') + b"\n")

def telnet_example():
    ip = "10.10.10.1"
    username = "admin"
    password = "password"

    tn = telnet_login(ip, username, password)
    send_command(tn, "enable")
    send_command(tn, "configure terminal")
    send_command(tn, "interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0")
    send_command(tn, "ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0")
    send_command(tn, "no shutdown")
    send_command(tn, "exit")
    tn.close()

telnet_example()

2. 使用paramiko实现SSH登录和命令下发

import paramiko

def ssh_login(ip, username, password):
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    client.connect(ip, username=username, password=password)
    return client

def send_ssh_command(client, command):
    stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(command)
    print(stdout.read().decode())
    print(stderr.read().decode())

def paramiko_example():
    ip = "10.10.10.1"
    username = "admin"
    password = "password"

    client = ssh_login(ip, username, password)
    send_ssh_command(client, "show version")
    client.close()

paramiko_example()

3. 使用netmiko实现网络设备自动化巡检

from netmiko import ConnectHandler

def netmiko_example():
    device = {
        'device_type': 'cisco_ios',
        'ip':   '10.10.10.1',
        'username': 'admin',
        'password': 'password',
    }

    connection = ConnectHandler(**device)
    output = connection.send_command("show version")
    print(output)

    connection.disconnect()

netmiko_example()

4. 使用pysnmp获取网络数据

from pysnmp.hlapi import *

def snmp_example():
    iterator = getCmd(
        SnmpEngine(),
        CommunityData('public', mpModel=0),
        UdpTransportTarget(('demo.snmplabs.com', 161)),
        ContextData(),
        ObjectType(ObjectIdentity('SNMPv2-MIB', 'sysDescr', 0))
    )

    errorIndication, errorStatus, errorIndex, varBinds = next(iterator)

    if errorIndication:
        print(errorIndication)
    elif errorStatus:
        print('%s at %s' % (errorStatus.prettyPrint(),
                            errorIndex and varBinds[int(errorIndex) - 1][0] or '?'))
    else:
        for varBind in varBinds:
            print(' = '.join([x.prettyPrint() for x in varBind]))

snmp_example()

5. 使用nornir3批量配置网络设备

from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.core.filter import F
from nornir.plugins.tasks.networking import netmiko_send_config

def configure_devices(task):
    config_commands = [
        "hostname core-Gateway-s",
        "logging 192.168.56.1",
        "interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4",
        "ip address dhcp",
        "exit",
        "vlan 10",
        "exit",
        "vlan 20",
        "exit",
        "vlan 30",
        "exit",
        "router ospf 1",
        "network 172.16.37.0 0.0.0.255 area 0",
        "network 192.168.37.0 0.0.0.255 area 0",
        "network 10.1.37.0 0.0.0.255 area 0",
        "exit",
        "ip dhcp snooping vlan 10,20,30",
    ]
    task.run(task=netmiko_send_config, config_commands=config_commands)

def nornir_example():
    nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml")
    nr_filtered = nr.filter(F(groups__contains="cisco_ios"))

    result = nr_filtered.run(task=configure_devices)

nornir_example()

6. 配置Nornir的配置文件 (config.yaml)

inventory:
  plugin: NornirInventory
  options:
    host_file: hosts.yaml
    group_file: groups.yaml
run:
  num_workers: 20

7. 主机和组文件 (hosts.yaml 和 groups.yaml)

hosts.yaml

LSW1:
  hostname: 10.10.10.1
  groups:
    - cisco_ios
  platform: ios
  port: 22
  username: admin
  password: password
LSW2:
  hostname: 10.10.10.2
  groups:
    - cisco_ios
  platform: ios
  port: 22
  username: admin
  password: password
LSW3:
  hostname: 10.10.10.3
  groups:
    - cisco_ios
  platform: ios
  port: 22
  username: admin
  password: password
LSW4:
  hostname: 10.10.10.4
  groups:
    - cisco_ios
  platform: ios
  port: 22
  username: admin
  password: password

groups.yaml

cisco_ios:
  data:
    vendor: cisco
    os: ios

以上代码展示了如何使用不同的库实现网络自动化运维项目中的各项功能。你可以根据具体需求调整配置文件和命令。