Just add a page Id of your blog page in you condition.
$parentPageId = is_subpage();
if (has_nav_menu('sub-header-menu', 'responsive') &&
(is_page( $blogPageId ) || $parentPageId == $blogPageId))
You can alos check your page using slug.
is_page( 'blog' )
Function to get Parent Page Id if exists.
function is_subpage() {
global $post;
if ( is_page() && $post->post_parent ) {
return $post->post_parent;
} else {
return false;
}
}