Instead of find() method call findOrFail() - if the model is not found this method will throw ModelNotFoundException which should result in 404 page in your application.
UPDATE:
In your second example replace:
return Manufacturer::with(['vehicles' => function($q) use ($columns2){
$q->select($columns2);
}])->get($columns1)->find($id)->toJson();
with
return Manufacturer::with(['vehicles' => function($q) use ($columns2){
$q->select($columns2);
}])->findOrFail($id, $columns1)->toJson();