使用固定位置恢复字符串中的数据

Question

I have a file that contains data at fixed positions (no separator).

for exemple:

$string = '0412345678Mr foo    25.2';

with

code  = '04'       (integer with 2 characters)
ref   = '12345678' (string  with 8 characters)
name  = 'Mr foo  ' (string  with 8 characters)
price = '  25.2'   (double  with 6 characters)

I can do that:

$code  = (int) substr($string, 0, 2);
$ref   = substr($string, 2, 8);
$name  = substr($string, 10, 8);
$price = (double) substr($string, 18, 6);

It's work fine.

I would like to know if there is an another to do this.

I try that:

list($code, $ref, $name, $price) = sscanf($string, "%2d%8s%8s%6s");

But that don't work.

If I replace spaces with another character like _, that's work but I don't want change data.

Another Idea? Regular expression?

Answer 1

As you mentioned it, you could use regexp. Here is an example of a simple one that would work :

([0-9]{2})([0-9]{8})([a-zA-Z ]{8})([0-9. ]{6})

https://regex101.com/r/2bS8af/1

With the addition of http://php.net/manual/fr/function.preg-match.php, that could do the trick.

Then if you want them inside your variable simple assign them by taking the output of preg_match :)

<?php
$string = '0412345678Mr foo    25.2';

$pattern = '/([0-9]{2})([0-9]{8})([a-zA-Z ]{8})([0-9. ]{6})/';
preg_match($pattern, $string, $matches);
print_r($matches);

By the way, you can replace [0-9] by "\d" etc ... Which could give :

(\d{2})(\d{8})([\w\s]{8})([\d\s.]{6})

https://regex101.com/r/2bS8af/3