是否有针对“构造函数”的标准惯用Go？

Question

Given the following:

type AStruct struct {
    m_Map map[int]bool
}

In this case, an instance ofAStructcannot be used untilAStruct.m_Mapis initialized:

m_Map=make(map[int]bool,100)

I have taken to writing an Init()function for my structs in such cases:

func (s *AStruct) Init() {
    s.m_Map=make(map[int]bool,100)
}

I don't particularly care for this design, because it requires(s *AStruct) Init() to be public and mandates that clients call it explicitly before using an instance of AStuct - in the interim an unusable instance ofAStuctis out there, waiting to generate apanic.

I could make init() private and declare an initialized boolflag in thestruct set ittrueininit()after everything is initialized and check in each method:

func (s *AStruct) DoStuff {

    if !s.initialized {
         s.init()
    }

    s.m_Map[1]=false
    s.m_Map[2]=true
}

But this is awkward and adds superfluous code.

Is there is standard way of handling this in Go? One that guarantees m_Map will be initialized without relying on clients to call Init()?

Answer 1

The standard for a type Foo is to write a constructor NewFoo() which is not a method on the type, but returns a value of type Foo (or *Foo). Then as long as all instances of Foo are generated through a call to NewFoo() (and not through a literal or a call to the new() builtin) then you're safe.