为什么在go例程中增加共享int变量时会显示原子行为？

Question

when I run the following code snippet below, it looks it always prints the value 20000000. It shows similar behavior when I create more go routines to increment the counter without lock. But shouldn't there exist some kind of race condition ? Thanks !

package main

import "fmt"

const (
N_INCREMENTS = 10000000
)

func main() {

var counter int = 0
donechan := make(chan bool)

go func(done chan<- bool) {
    for i := 0; i < N_INCREMENTS; i++ {
        counter++
    }
    done <- true
}(donechan)

for i := 0; i < N_INCREMENTS; i++ {
    counter++
}

_ = <-donechan

fmt.Println("Count: ", counter)
}

Answer 1

runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0) will report you the number of goroutines that can be run parallel. If the value is 1, you may not observe any "side effect" of not synchronizing the counter variable.

If first at the beginning of your program you set it to 2:

runtime.GOMAXPROCS(2)

You will immediately see the effect:

Count:  10319575

If you want to have proof of the race condition, supply the -race argument. The output with -race:

==================
WARNING: DATA RACE
Read by goroutine 6:
  main.main.func1()
      V:/workspace/IczaGo/src/play/play.go:20 +0x48

Previous write by main goroutine:
  main.main()
      V:/workspace/IczaGo/src/play/play.go:26 +0xef

Goroutine 6 (running) created at:
  main.main()
      V:/workspace/IczaGo/src/play/play.go:23 +0xbc
==================

(Note that the race detector only works with 64-bit Go distributions.)

On the Go playground, GOMAXPROCS is 1 by default. This line will print the previous value and set it to 2:

fmt.Println("Previous GOMAXPROCS:", runtime.GOMAXPROCS(2))

Output (try it on the Go Playground):

Previous GOMAXPROCS: 1
Count:  12844130

Also note that GOMAXPROCS is set to 1 in Go distributions prior to 1.5. Starting with 1.5 the default value of GOMAXPROCS is the number of CPU cores available on the machine running the program.