GoLang等效于使用具有数据和成员函数的接口进行继承

Question

I am a golang newbie so pardon me if there is something obvious I am missing. I have the following structures:

type base interface {
    func1()
    func2()
    common_func()
}

type derived1 struct {
    base // anonymous meaning inheritence
    data DatumType
}

type derived2 struct {
    base // anonymous meaning inheritence
    data DatumType
}

Now I want to do the following:

1. Keep 'data DatumType' with base in some way so that looking at the definition of base one can know what data is common to all structs.
   1. Implement common_func() in one place so that the derived structs don't need to do it.

I tried implementing the function with the interface but it fails compilation. I tried to create a struct and inherit from that but am not finding good ways to do that. Is there some clean way out ?

Answer 1

Go does not have inheritance. Instead it offers the concept of embedding.

In this case you don't need/want to define base as an interface. Make it a struct and define the functions as methods. Then embedding base in your derived structs will give them those methods.

type base struct{
    data DatumType     
}
func (b base) func1(){

}

func (b base) func2(){

}

func (b base) common_func(){

}

type derived1 struct {
    base // anonymous meaning embedding
}

type derived2 struct {
    base // anonymous meaning embedding
}

Now you can do:

d := derived1{}
d.func1()
d.func2()
d.common_func()

And (as pointed out by David Budworth in the comment) you can access the fields of base by referring to it's type name like so:

d.base.data = something