具有接口参数不兼容错误的Golang类型的func

Question

I have declared a new type func that takes any value that conforms to interface{}. However, when I invoke a function that has been passed as an argument (conforming to that type specification) I get an error.

Can somebody explain why this is the case? Below is the simplest example I could recreate the issue with.

type myfunc func(x interface{})

func a(num int) {
    return
}

func b(f myfunc) {
    f(2)
    return
}

func main() {
    b(a) // error: cannot use a (type func(int)) as type myfunc in argument to b
    return
}

Answer 1

The concept you're looking for here is variance in the type system. Some type systems and types support covariance and contravariance, but Go's interfaces do not.

While an int can be passed to a function that expects interface{}, the same cannot be said about func(int) and func(interface{}), because interfaces do not behave covariantly.

If type x implements interface ii, it doesn't mean that func(x) implements func(ii).

What you could do is pass func(int) into a function that expects interface{}, so you could do

package main

import "fmt"

func foo(x interface{}) {
    fmt.Println("foo", x)
}

func add2(n int) int {
    return n + 2
}

func main() {
    foo(add2)
}

Because func(int)int does implement interface{}.

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In addition to the Wikipedia link at the top of the answer, this post provides more details about the different kinds of variance programming languages support. It mostly uses other languages, because variance is best demonstrated with languages that support inheritance.