spring使用JUnit时autowired报错，controller里面autowired可以的

Question

试了好多办法还是不行，不知道哪里配错了。。麻烦大神帮看一下
异常信息：

 SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@5f98de7] to prepare test instance [com.xxx.xxx.entity.UserTest@42d33bc1]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.xxx.xxx.entity.UserTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService com.xxx.xxx.entity.UserTest.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1074)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService com.xxx.xxx.entity.UserTest.service; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:502)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:282)
    ... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:920)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:789)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:474)
    ... 28 more

UserTest.java

 package com.xxx.xxx.entity;

import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath*:**/applicationContext.xml","classpath*:**/springmvc-servlet.xml"})
public class UserTest {

    @Autowired
    UserService service;

    //@Ignore
    @Test
    public void userHPTest() {
        System.out.println(service.get("889e4d63ff024b29a173ab52ce174cc9"));
    }

}

UserServiceImpl.java（这个是service的实现）

 package com.xxx.xxx.serviceimpl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.xxx.xxx.dao.BaseDao;
import com.xxx.xxx.dao.UserDao;
import com.xxx.xxx.entity.User;
import com.xxx.xxx.service.UserService;

@Service("userServiceImpl")
public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<User> implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    UserDao dao;

    @Override
    protected BaseDao<User> getDao() {
        return dao;
    }

}

applicationContext.xml(我感觉我可能是这里不对)

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
     xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.dao"></context:component-scan>
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.daoimpl"></context:component-scan>
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.service"></context:component-scan>
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.serviceimpl"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

springmvc-servlet.xml（我在controller里autowired是没有问题的）

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans  
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> 

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.dao"></context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.daoimpl"></context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.service"></context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.serviceimpl"></context:component-scan>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

Answer 1

不好意思，我没看你的问题就先回答了。重新郑重回答一次：我按照你写的测试用例，测了下自己项目中的Service类，是可以的。报这个错还是说明你的UserService的实现类没有被扫描到，你检查下扫描路径看看，确定UserServiceImpl 和BaseUserServiceImpl 都在扫描路径下。
你让我也受教了，原来可以直接用SpringJunit测试，本人知识浅薄，以前竟然都是用那么原始的方法测试的。祝好！