在网上找了好多方法，都不行，不知道怎么回事，我把错误提示附上，谁知道帮我看下。
Building wheel for cryptography (PEP 517) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: 'd:\python\python.exe' 'd:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\sheng\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpojwom45h'
cwd: C:\Users\sheng\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cnfl380j\cryptography
Complete output (166 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
copying src\cryptography\exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
copying src\cryptography\fernet.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
copying src\cryptography\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
copying src\cryptography\__about__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
copying src\cryptography\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\_der.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\_oid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\_types.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\certificate_transparency.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\extensions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\general_name.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\name.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\ocsp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\oid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
copying src\cryptography\x509\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\x509
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\interfaces.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\cmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\constant_time.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\hashes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\hmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\keywrap.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\padding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\poly1305.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\_asymmetric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\_cipheralgorithm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\_serialization.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\aead.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\backend.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ciphers.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\cmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\decode_asn1.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\dh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\dsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ed25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ed448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\encode_asn1.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\hashes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\hmac.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\ocsp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\poly1305.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\rsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\x509.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\backends\openssl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl\binding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl\_conditional.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\bindings\openssl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\dh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\dsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ed25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\ed448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\padding.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\rsa.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\x25519.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\x448.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\asymmetric
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\aead.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\algorithms.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\modes.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\ciphers
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\concatkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\hkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\kbkdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\pbkdf2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\scrypt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\x963kdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\kdf
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\pkcs12.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\pkcs7.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\ssh.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\serialization
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\hotp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\totp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor
copying src\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography\hazmat\primitives\twofactor
running egg_info
writing src\cryptography.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to src\cryptography.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing requirements to src\cryptography.egg-info\requires.txt
writing top-level names to src\cryptography.egg-info\top_level.txt
adding license file 'LICENSE' (matched pattern 'LICEN[CS]E*')
adding license file 'LICENSE.APACHE' (matched pattern 'LICEN[CS]E*')
adding license file 'LICENSE.BSD' (matched pattern 'LICEN[CS]E*')
adding license file 'LICENSE.PSF' (matched pattern 'LICEN[CS]E*')
reading manifest file 'src\cryptography.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'vectors'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.github'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'release.py'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'dev-requirements.txt'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'tox.ini'
warning: no previously-included files found matching 'mypy.ini'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.zuul.d'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory '.zuul.playbooks'
writing manifest file 'src\cryptography.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
copying src\cryptography\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.8\cryptography
running build_ext
generating cffi module 'build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\_padding.c'
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.8
creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.8\Release
generating cffi module 'build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\_openssl.c'
running build_rust
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
successfully install cryptography:
1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html for specific
instructions for your platform.
3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq.html
4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#rust
5) If you are experiencing issues with Rust for *this release only* you may
set the environment variable `CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1`.
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
error: can't find Rust compiler
If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the need for a Rust compiler.
To update pip, run:
pip install --upgrade pip
and then retry package installation.
If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustup (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.
This package requires Rust >=1.41.0.
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cryptography
Running setup.py clean for cryptography
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: 'd:\python\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\sheng\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-cnfl380j\\cryptography\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\sheng\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-cnfl380j\\cryptography\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' clean --all
cwd: C:\Users\sheng\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cnfl380j\cryptography
Complete output (36 lines):
running clean
removing 'build\temp.win-amd64-3.8' (and everything under it)
removing 'build\lib.win-amd64-3.8' (and everything under it)
'build\bdist.win-amd64' does not exist -- can't clean it
'build\scripts-3.8' does not exist -- can't clean it
removing 'build'
running clean_rust
error: can't find Rust compiler
If you are using an outdated pip version, it is possible a prebuilt wheel is available for this package but pip is not able to install from it. Installing from the wheel would avoid the need for a Rust compiler.
To update pip, run:
pip install --upgrade pip
and then retry package installation.
If you did intend to build this package from source, try installing a Rust compiler from your system package manager and ensure it is on the PATH during installation. Alternatively, rustup (available at https://rustup.rs) is the recommended way to download and update the Rust compiler toolchain.
This package requires Rust >=1.41.0.
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
If you are seeing a compilation error please try the following steps to
successfully install cryptography:
1) Upgrade to the latest pip and try again. This will fix errors for most
users. See: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip
2) Read https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html for specific
instructions for your platform.
3) Check our frequently asked questions for more information:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/faq.html
4) Ensure you have a recent Rust toolchain installed:
https://cryptography.io/en/latest/installation.html#rust
5) If you are experiencing issues with Rust for *this release only* you may
set the environment variable `CRYPTOGRAPHY_DONT_BUILD_RUST=1`.
=============================DEBUG ASSISTANCE=============================
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed cleaning build dir for cryptography
Failed to build cryptography
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cryptography which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 21.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
