学生学籍管理系统c语言

Question

学生学籍管理系统

课外实践要求

1. 定义学生结构体类型
2. 创建学生结构体类型数组或 单链表
3. 输入学生的信息
4. 将学生的信息存入硬盘
5. 可以打开文件将学生信息从硬盘文件中读入程序
6. 在程序中可以按指定学号或姓名查找某个学生的信息并显示
7. 在程序中可以删除某个指定学生的信息
8. 可以输入一个新的学生的信息到该班级
9. 可以修改某个指定学生的信息

Answer 1

/*
* C语言学生信息管理系统（动态链表版）
* 功能：增添新键数据、修改删除数据、查询统计数据
* 平台：windows
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
 
struct Student {
	char num[10];  /*学号*/
	char name[20]; /*姓名*/
	char sex[10];  /*性别*/
	int age;       /*年龄*/
	char phone[12];/*电话*/
	char qq[12];   /*QQ号*/
	char nativePlace[20];/*籍贯*/
	char department[20];/*系别*/
	char major[20];/*专业*/
	char className[20];/*班级*/
	struct Student *next;
};
 
char filename[30];//全局变量，用来保存要打开的文件名字
 
				  /*生成链表*/
struct Student *Creat(int n) {
	void menu_print_in(void);
	struct Student *head;
	struct Student *p1, *p2;
    int i;
	system("cls");
	for (i = 1;i < n + 1;i++) {
		p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN);
		menu_print_in();
		scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", p1->num, p1->name, p1->sex,
			&p1->age, p1->phone, p1->qq,p1->nativePlace,p1->department,p1->major,p1->className);
		p1->next = NULL;
		if (i == 1) {
			head = p2 = p1;
		}
		else {
			p2->next = p1;
			p2 = p1;
		}
	}
	return(head);
}
 
/*数据存盘(wb只写)*/
void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head) {
	FILE *fp;
	struct Student *p;
	if ((fp = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL)
		printf("\a error! Can not open the file!");
	p = head;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (fwrite(p, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
			printf("写入数据出错\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	fclose(fp);
}
 
/*数据存盘(ab追加)
void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head) {
	FILE *fp;
	struct Student *p;
	if ((fp = fopen(filename, "ab")) == NULL)
		printf("\a error! Can not open the file!");
	p = head;
	while (p != NULL) {
		if (fwrite(p, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
			printf("写入数据出错\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	fclose(fp);
}
/*读取数据*/
/*读取数据文件保存到链表中 ，返回指向此链表头指针*/
struct Student *ReadData(void) {
	struct Student *head = NULL;
	struct Student *p1, *p2;//s = p1;p = p2;
 
	FILE *fp;
	if ((fp = fopen(filename, "rb+")) == NULL)
	{
		printf("打开文件出错\n");
		exit(0);
	}
	while (!feof(fp)) {
		if ((p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN)) == NULL) {
			printf("内存申请出错\n");
			fclose(fp);
			exit(0);
		}
		if (fread(p1, LEN, 1, fp) != 1) {
			free(p1);
			break;
		}
		if (head == NULL)
			head = p2 = p1;
		else {
			p2->next = p1;
			p2 = p1;
		}
	}
	fclose(fp);
	return (head);
}
 
/*【1】全量查询*/
void Print_inquire_all(void) {
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do {
		printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %s %s %s %s\n",
			pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
		pt = pt->next;
	} while (pt != NULL);
	printf("\n\n");
}
 
/*【2】学号查询*/
int Print_inquire_num() {
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_num[10];
	printf("◎请输入您要查询的学号:");
	scanf("%s", str_num);
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do {
		if (strcmp(pt->num, str_num) == 0) {
			printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
				pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
			printf("\n\n");
			return 0;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	} while (pt != NULL);
	printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n\n");
	return 0;
}
 
/*【3】姓名查询*/
int Print_inquire_name() {
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_name[20];
	printf("◎请输入您要查询的姓名:");
	scanf("%s", str_name);
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do {
		if (strcmp(pt->name, str_name) == 0) {
			printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s  %s %s %s %s\n",
				pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
			printf("\n\n");
			return 0;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	} while (pt != NULL);
	printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n\n");
	return 0;
}
 
/*【4】模糊查询*/
int Print_inquire_fuzzy(void) {
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_find[20];
	int m = 0;
	printf("◎请输入您要查询的关键词:");
	scanf("%s", str_find);
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do {
		if (strstr(pt->num, str_find) != 0 || strstr(pt->name, str_find) != 0
			|| strstr(pt->sex, str_find) != 0 || strstr(pt->phone, str_find) != 0
			|| strstr(pt->qq, str_find) != 0) {
			printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %s %s %s %s\n",
				pt->num, pt->name, pt->sex, pt->age, pt->phone, pt->qq, pt->nativePlace, pt->department, pt->major, pt->className);
			m = 1;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	} while (pt != NULL);
	if (!m)
		printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n\n");
	return 0;
}
 
/*【1】修改数据之删除记录*/
int Delete() {
	struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
	char str_num[20];
	printf("\n◎请输入您要删除的学号信息:");
	scanf("%s", str_num);
	pt1 = ReadData();
	pt2 = pt1->next;
	head = pt1;
	while (pt2 != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(pt1->num, str_num) == 0) {
			WriteData_wb(pt2);
		}
		else if (strcmp(pt2->num, str_num) == 0) {
			pt1->next = pt2->next;
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		pt2 = pt2->next;
		pt1 = pt1->next;
	}
	if (pt2 != NULL)
		printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n");
	printf("\n\n");
	return 0;
}
 
/*【2】修改数据之修改记录*/
int Amend() {
	void menu_print_in(void);
	struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
	char str_num[20];
	printf("◎请输入您要修改的学号信息:");
	scanf("%s", str_num);
	pt1 = ReadData();
	pt2 = pt1->next;
	head = pt1;
	while (pt2 != NULL) {
		if (strcmp(pt1->num, str_num) == 0) {
			menu_print_in();
			scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", pt1->num, pt1->name, pt1->sex,
				&pt1->age, pt1->phone, pt1->qq, pt1->nativePlace, pt1->department, pt1->major, pt1->className);
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		else if (strcmp(pt2->num, str_num) == 0) {
			menu_print_in();
			scanf("%s %s %s %d %s %s %s %s %s %s", pt2->num, pt2->name, pt2->sex,
				&pt2->age, pt2->phone, pt2->qq, pt2->nativePlace, pt2->department, pt2->major, pt2->className);
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		pt2 = pt2->next;
		pt1 = pt1->next;
	}
	if (pt2 != NULL)
		printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n");
	return 0;
}
 
/*【3】修改数据之整理数据*/
int Neaten() {
	struct Student *first;
	struct Student *tail;
	struct Student *p_min;
	struct Student *min;
	struct Student *p;
	struct Student *head;
	head = ReadData();
	first = NULL;
	while (head != NULL) {
		for (p = head, min = head; p->next != NULL; p = p->next) {
			if (strcmp(p->next->num, min->num) < 0) {
				p_min = p;
				min = p->next;
			}
		}
		if (first == NULL) {
			first = min;
			tail = min;
		}
		else {
			tail->next = min;
			tail = min;
		}
		if (min == head) {
			head = head->next;
		}
		else {
			p_min->next = min->next;
		}
	}
	if (first != NULL) {
		tail->next = NULL;
	}
	head = first;
 
	WriteData_wb(head);
	return 0;
}
 
/*输入写入数据的数量*/
int Creat_num(void) {
	int n;
	printf("\n◎请输入您此次要添加的数据个数:");
	
	if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1) {
		printf("\a error!");
	}
	return n;
}
 
/*选择将要打开的文件*/
int File_name() {
	printf("\n◎请输入您想要打开的文件:");
	if (scanf("%s", filename) != 1)
		printf("\a error!");
	return 0;
}
 
/*主菜单*/
void menu(void) {
	void menu_add(void);
	void menu_inquire(void);
	void menu_amend(void);
	int a = 0;
	printf("              ╭════════╮              \n");
	printf("╭══════╣学生管理系统V1.0╠══════╮\n");
	printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\n");
	printf("║   【1】添加数据           【3】修改数据    ║\n");
	printf("║                                            ║\n");
	printf("║   【2】查询数据           【4】退出系统    ║\n");
	printf("║                                            ║\n");
	printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
	printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
 
	
	a = getchar();
 
	while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '4') {
		printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
		putchar('\a');
		getchar();
		printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
		a = getchar();
	}
	switch (a) {
	case '1': File_name();menu_add();
		break;
	case '2': File_name();menu_inquire();
		break;
	case '3': File_name();menu_amend();
		break;
	case '4': exit(0);
		break;
	}
	getchar();
}
 
/*二级菜单之添加数据*/
void menu_add(void) {
	int a = 0;
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	printf("              ╭════════╮              \n");
	printf("╭══════╣  添加数据方式  ╠══════╮\n");
	printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\n");
	printf("║ 【1】新建文件 【2】增添数据 【3】返回菜单  ║\n");
	printf("║                                            ║\n");
	printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
	printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
 
	
	a = getchar();
 
	while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3') {
		printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
		putchar('\a');
		getchar();
		printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
		a = getchar();
	}
	switch (a) {
	case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num()));
		printf("\n◎新建文件成功且数据已成功保存◎\n");
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		menu_add();
		break;
	case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num()));
		printf("\n◎数据已成功添加◎\n");
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
		menu_add();
		break;
	case '3': system("cls");
		getchar();
		menu();
		break;
	}
}
 
/*二级菜单之查询数据*/
void menu_inquire(void) {
	int a = 0;
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	while (1) {
		system("cls");
		printf("              ╭════════╮              \n");
		printf("╭══════╣  查询数据方式  ╠══════╮\n");
		printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\n");
		printf("║    【1】全量查询         【4】模糊查询     ║\n");
		printf("║                                            ║\n");
		printf("║    【2】学号查询         【5】返回菜单     ║\n");
		printf("║                                            ║\n");
		printf("║    【3】姓名查询                           ║\n");
		printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
		printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
		
		a = getchar();
 
		while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '3'&&a != '4'&&a != '5'&&a != '6') {
			printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
			putchar('\a');
			getchar();
			printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
			a = getchar();
		}
		switch (a) {
		case '1': Print_inquire_all();system("pause");getchar();
			break;
		case '2': Print_inquire_num();system("pause");getchar();
			break;
		case '3': Print_inquire_name();system("pause");getchar();
			break;
		case '4': Print_inquire_fuzzy();system("pause");getchar();;
			break;
		case '5': system("cls");getchar();menu();
			break;
		}
	}
}
 
/*二级菜单之修改数据*/
void menu_amend(void) {
	int a = 0;
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	while (1) {
		system("cls");
		printf("              ╭════════╮              \n");
		printf("╭══════╣  修改数据方式  ╠══════╮\n");
		printf("║            ╰════════╯            ║\n");
		printf("║    【1】删除记录          【3】整理数据    ║\n");
		printf("║                                            ║\n");
		printf("║    【2】修改记录          【4】返回菜单    ║\n");
		printf("╰══════════════════════╯\n");
		printf("◎请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
 
		
		a = getchar();
 
		while (a != '1'&&a != '2'&&a != '3'&&a != '4') {
			printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
			putchar('\a');
			getchar();
			printf("◎请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
			a = getchar();
		}
		switch (a) {
		case '1': Delete();
			printf("\n\n◎已成功删除指定数据◎\n");
			system("pause");
			getchar();
			break;
		case '2': Amend();
			printf("\n\n◎已成功修改指定数据◎\n");
			system("pause");
			getchar();
			break;
		case '3': Neaten();
			printf("\n\n◎数据已成功按照学号重新排列◎\n");
			system("pause");
			getchar();
			break;
		case '4': system("cls");
			getchar();
			menu();
			break;
		}
	}
}
 
/*输入输出提示栏*/
void menu_print_in(void) {
	printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("学号      姓名     性别  年龄    电话         QQ        籍贯  系别  专业  班级   \n");
	printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void menu_print_out(void) {
	printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("学号      姓名     性别  年龄    电话         QQ        籍贯  系别  专业  班级 \n");
	printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
 
/*主函数*/
int main(void) {
	SetConsoleTitle(L"学生学籍管理系统");
	menu();
	return 0;
}

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