I've already spent a couple of hours googling and already tried many things. The closer I could get to my solution was using this code:
// With this I successfully get an Array with attribute ID
$carimg_attr = wc_get_product_terms( get_the_id(), 'pa_carimg', 'thumbnail' );
// This echo actually returns the correct ID
echo $carimg_attr[0]->term_id;
// In this echo, I get it empty but this was supposed to show me metas from the attribute (at least as far as other online answers was saying)
echo get_woocommerce_term_meta( $carimg_attr[0]->term_id, 'pa_carimg', true );
// Printing this one, I get actually all fields EXCEPT the one I need: thumbnail
print_r(wc_get_product_terms( get_the_id(), 'pa_carimg', array( 'fields' => 'all' ) ));
// This was just a last desperate try and doesn't work either
$carimg_Img = wp_get_attachment_image_src( $carimg_attr[0]->term_id ); ?>
<img src="<?php echo $carimg_Img[0]; ?>">
I'm just out of ideas! :(
EDIT:
I was just being dumb here! Thanks to @LoicTheAztec comment I just noticed this is something from official WooCommerce Product Search plugin.