If it's always -150x150
you can just use str_replace()
:
$url = "https://sitename/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/59a778097ae6e-150x150.jpeg";
$stripped = str_replace('-150x150', '', $url);
var_dump($stripped);
// string(62) "https://sitename/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/59a778097ae6e.jpeg"
If you need a way to strip out any resolution, you can use a regular expression for that:
$url = "https://sitename/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/59a778097ae6e-150x150.jpeg";
$stripped = preg_replace('/-[0-9]+x[0-9]+/', '', $url);
var_dump($stripped);
// string(62) "https://sitename/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/59a778097ae6e.jpeg"