This command basically just clears out all cached views.
Rather than loading your view every time, a cached copy can be stored in your storage folder. View caching is done because blade compiling each time is a waste of time, as blade obviously turns the template in to a proper PHP file.
By running php artisan view:clear
you simply clear out all the cached views, and so next time the blade view is loaded it will be compiled again rather than pulling it from the cache.
im not sure if this effects my view files
This does not effect the views themselves, it simply clears the cached copies.
Will they stay the same?
Your views themselves will stay the same, yes.
Did i remove something important running this command?
Only the cached copies of your views. These will simply be compiled again when the page is loaded.
What are these cache files for?
To prevent blade having to compile every time it is called, it can be done just once to prevent wasting this time.
Will this effect my future work?
Not at all.