在Golang中解码XML时进行自定义字符串转换

Question

I am decoding some XML which contains only string values and attributes. It also contains a few instances of "&", which is unfortunate, and I'd like to decode that to just "&" rather than "&". I'm also going to do some more work with these string values in which I need the character "|" to never appear, and so I'd like to replace any "|" instance with "%7C".

I could do these changes using strings.Replace after the decoding, but since the decoding is already doing similar work (after all it does translate "&" to "&") I'd like to do it at the same time.

The files I will be parsing are huge, so I'll be doing something similar to http://blog.davidsingleton.org/parsing-huge-xml-files-with-go/

Here is a short example xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<tests>
    <test_content>X&amp;amp;Y is a dumb way to write XnY | also here's a pipe.</test_content>
    <test_attr>
      <test name="Normal" value="still normal" />
      <test name="X&amp;amp;Y" value="should be the same as X&amp;Y | XnY would have been easier." />
    </test_attr>
</tests>

And some Go code that does standard decoding and prints out the results:

package main

import (
    "encoding/xml"
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

type XMLTests struct {
    Content string     `xml:"test_content"`
    Tests   []*XMLTest `xml:"test_attr>test"`
}

type XMLTest struct {
    Name  string `xml:"name,attr"`
    Value string `xml:"value,attr"`
}

func main() {
    xmlFile, err := os.Open("test.xml")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error opening file:", err)
        return
    }
    defer xmlFile.Close()

    var q XMLTests

    decoder := xml.NewDecoder(xmlFile)

    // I tried this to no avail:
    // decoder.Entity = make(map[string]string)
    // decoder.Entity["|"] = "%7C"
    // decoder.Entity["&"] = "&"

    var inElement string
    for {
        t, _ := decoder.Token()
        if t == nil {
            break
        }
        switch se := t.(type) {
        case xml.StartElement:
            inElement = se.Name.Local
            if inElement == "tests" {
                decoder.DecodeElement(&q, &se)
            }
        default:
        }
    }

    fmt.Println(q.Content)
    for _, t := range q.Tests {
        fmt.Printf("\t%s\t\t%s
", t.Name, t.Value)
    }
}

How do I modify this code to get what I want? ie: How does one customize the decoder?

I looked at the docs, specifically https://golang.org/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder and tried playing with the Entity map, but I was unable to make any progress.

Edit:

Based on the comments, I've followed the example from Multiple-types decoder in golang and added/changed the following to the above code:

type string2 string

type XMLTests struct {
    Content string2    `xml:"test_content"`
    Tests   []*XMLTest `xml:"test_attr>test"`
}

type XMLTest struct {
    Name  string2 `xml:"name,attr"`
    Value string2 `xml:"value,attr"`
}

func (s *string2) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, start xml.StartElement) error {
    var content string
    if err := d.DecodeElement(&content, &start); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    content = strings.Replace(content, "|", "%7C", -1)
    content = strings.Replace(content, "&", "&", -1)
    *s = string2(content)
    return nil
}

That works for the test_content but not for the attributes?

X&Y is a dumb way to write XnY %7C also here's a pipe.
    Normal      still normal
    X&Y     should be the same as X&Y | XnY would have been easier.

Answer 1

To deal with attributes, you can use the UnmarshalerAttr interface with the UnmarshalXMLAttr method. Your example then becomes:

package main

import (
    "encoding/xml"
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

type string2 string

type XMLTests struct {
    Content string2    `xml:"test_content"`
    Tests   []*XMLTest `xml:"test_attr>test"`
}

type XMLTest struct {
    Name  string2 `xml:"name,attr"`
    Value string2 `xml:"value,attr"`
}

func decode(s string) string2 {
    s = strings.Replace(s, "|", "%7C", -1)
    s = strings.Replace(s, "&", "&", -1)
    return string2(s)
}

func (s *string2) UnmarshalXML(d *xml.Decoder, start xml.StartElement) error {
    var content string
    if err := d.DecodeElement(&content, &start); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    *s = decode(content)
    return nil
}

func (s *string2) UnmarshalXMLAttr(attr xml.Attr) error {
    *s = decode(attr.Value)
    return nil
}

func main() {
    xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<tests>
    <test_content>X&amp;amp;Y is a dumb way to write XnY | also here's a pipe.</test_content>
    <test_attr>
      <test name="Normal" value="still normal" />
      <test name="X&amp;amp;Y" value="should be the same as X&amp;Y | XnY would have been easier." />
    </test_attr>
</tests>`
    xmlFile := strings.NewReader(xmlData)

    var q XMLTests

    decoder := xml.NewDecoder(xmlFile)
    decoder.Decode(&q)

    fmt.Println(q.Content)
    for _, t := range q.Tests {
        fmt.Printf("\t%s\t\t%s
", t.Name, t.Value)
    }
}

Output:

X&Y is a dumb way to write XnY %7C also here's a pipe.
    Normal      still normal
    X&Y     should be the same as X&Y %7C XnY would have been easier.

(You can test this in the Go playground.)

So if using string2 everywhere is suitable for you, this should do the trick.

(edit: simpler code, without using DecodeElement and a type switch...)