如何将utf8字符串转换为[] byte？

Question

I want to unmarshal a string that contains JSON, however the Unmarshal function takes a []byte as input.

How can I convert my UTF8 string to []byte?

Answer 1

This question is a possible duplicate of How to assign string to bytes array, but still answering it as there is a better, alternative solution:

Converting from string to []byte is allowed by the spec, using a simple conversion:

Conversions to and from a string type

[...]

1. Converting a value of a string type to a slice of bytes type yields a slice whose successive elements are the bytes of the string.

So you can simply do:

s := "some text"
b := []byte(s) // b is of type []byte

However, the string => []byte conversion makes a copy of the string content (it has to, as strings are immutable while []byte values are not), and in case of large strings it's not efficient. Instead, you can create an io.Reader using strings.NewReader() which will read from the passed string without making a copy of it. And you can pass this io.Reader to json.NewDecoder() and unmarshal using the Decoder.Decode() method:

s := `{"somekey":"somevalue"}`

var result interface{}
err := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(s)).Decode(&result)
fmt.Println(result, err)

Output (try it on the Go Playground):

map[somekey:somevalue] <nil>

Note: calling strings.NewReader() and json.NewDecoder() does have some overhead, so if you're working with small JSON texts, you can safely convert it to []byte and use json.Unmarshal(), it won't be slower:

s := `{"somekey":"somevalue"}`

var result interface{}
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &result)
fmt.Println(result, err)

Output is the same. Try this on the Go Playground.

Note: if you're getting your JSON input string by reading some io.Reader (e.g. a file or a network connection), you can directly pass that io.Reader to json.NewDecoder(), without having to read the content from it first.