派生类对象初始化后，派生类的私有成员不显示

Question

代码如下，定义了一个抽象基类ABCDMA，派生出BaseDMA，LacksDMA，HasDMA三个类，其中BaseDMA的私有成员和ABCDMA类完全一样。每个类都有一个重新定义的View()函数用于显示类成员。
测试程序时出现问题，定义了一个ABCDMA类指针数组，用户自己决定数组元素指向哪个类型的对象。在初始化后调用View()函数时，BaseDMA类没有问题，但是剩下两个类的私有成员显示不出来。求解这是为什么呢？

主程序

 //dmanew.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
#include "abcdma.h"

int main()
{
    using std::cin;
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;

    char trigger;

    char templab[30];
    int rat;

    ABCDMA *item[10];
    char kind;
    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    {
        cout<<"Enter the label of item #"<<i+1<<": "<<endl;
        cin.getline(templab,30);
        cout<<"Enter the rating of item #"<<i+1<<": "<<endl;
        cin>>rat;
        cout<<"Enter 1 for BaseDMA, 2 for LacksDMA or 3 for HasDMA: ";
        while(cin>>kind && (kind!='1' && kind!='2' && kind!='3'))
            cout<<"Enter 1,2 or 3: ";
        if(kind=='1')
            item[i]=new BaseDMA(templab,rat);
        else if(kind=='2')
        {
            char tempcolor[40];
            cout<<"Enter the color of item #"<<i+1<<": "<<endl;
            cin.getline(tempcolor,40);
            item[i]=new LacksDMA(tempcolor,templab,rat);
        }
        else
        {
            char tempstyle[30];
            cout<<"Enter the style of item #"<<i+1<<": "<<endl;
            cin.getline(tempstyle,30);
            item[i]=new HasDMA(tempstyle,templab,rat);
        }
        while(cin.get()!='\n')
            continue;
    }
    cout<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    {
        item[i]->View();
    }

    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    {
        delete item[i];
    }
    cout<<"Done.Bye!"<<endl;

    return 0;
}

头文件

 //abcdma.h
#ifndef ABCDMA_H_
#define ABCDMA_H_

//abstract base class
class ABCDMA
{
private:
    char *label;
    int rating;
public:
    ABCDMA(const char *l="null",int r=0);
    ABCDMA(const ABCDMA &ad);
    virtual void View() const=0;
    virtual ~ABCDMA() {delete [] label;}
    ABCDMA &operator=(const ABCDMA &ad);
};

//BaseDMA class
class BaseDMA:public ABCDMA
{
public:
    BaseDMA(const char *l="null",int r=0);
    BaseDMA(const ABCDMA &ad):ABCDMA(ad) {}
    BaseDMA(const BaseDMA &rs);
    ~BaseDMA() {}
    virtual void View() const;
    BaseDMA &operator=(const BaseDMA &rs);
};

//LacksDMA class
class LacksDMA:public ABCDMA
{
private:
    enum {COL_LEN=40};
    char color[COL_LEN];
public:
    LacksDMA(const char *c="blank",const char *l="null",int r=0);
    LacksDMA(const char *c,const ABCDMA &ad);
    virtual void View() const;
};

//HasDMA class
class HasDMA:public ABCDMA
{
private:
    char *style;
public:
    HasDMA(const char *s="none",const char *l="null",int r=0);
    HasDMA(const char *s,const ABCDMA &ad);
    HasDMA(const HasDMA &hs);
    ~HasDMA() {delete [] style;}
    virtual void View() const;
    HasDMA &operator=(const HasDMA &hs);
};

#endif

类方法实现

 //abcdma.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "abcdma.h"

//ABCDMA methods
ABCDMA::ABCDMA(const char *l,int r)
{
    label=new char[std::strlen(l)+1];
    std::strcpy(label,l);
    rating=r;
}

ABCDMA::ABCDMA(const ABCDMA &ad)
{
    label=new char[std::strlen(ad.label)+1];
    std::strcpy(label,ad.label);
    rating=ad.rating;
}

void ABCDMA::View() const
{
    std::cout<<"Label: "<<label<<std::endl;
    std::cout<<"Rating: "<<rating<<std::endl;
}

ABCDMA &ABCDMA::operator=(const ABCDMA &ad)
{
    if(this==&ad)
        return *this;
    delete [] label;
    label=new char[std::strlen(ad.label)+1];
    std::strcpy(label,ad.label);
    rating=ad.rating;
    return *this;
}

//BaseDMA methods
BaseDMA::BaseDMA(const char *l,int r):ABCDMA(l,r) {}

BaseDMA::BaseDMA(const BaseDMA &rs):ABCDMA(rs) {}

void BaseDMA::View() const
{
    ABCDMA::View();
}

BaseDMA &BaseDMA::operator=(const BaseDMA &rs)
{
    if(this==&rs)
        return *this;
    ABCDMA::operator=(rs);
    return *this;
}

//LacksDMA methods
LacksDMA::LacksDMA(const char *c,const char *l,int r):ABCDMA(l,r)
{
    std::strncpy(color,c,39);
    color[39]='\0';
}

LacksDMA::LacksDMA(const char *c,const ABCDMA &ad):ABCDMA(ad)
{
    std::strncpy(color,c,COL_LEN-1);
    color[COL_LEN-1]='\0';
}

void LacksDMA::View() const
{
    ABCDMA::View();
    std::cout<<"Color: "<<color<<std::endl;
}

//HasDMA methods
HasDMA::HasDMA(const char *s,const char *l,int r):ABCDMA(l,r)
{
    style=new char[std::strlen(s)+1];
    std::strcpy(style,s);
}

HasDMA::HasDMA(const char *s,const ABCDMA &ad):ABCDMA(ad)
{
    style=new char[std::strlen(s)+1];
    std::strcpy(style,s);
}

HasDMA::HasDMA(const HasDMA &hs):ABCDMA(hs)
{
    style=new char[std::strlen(hs.style)+1];
    std::strcpy(style,hs.style);
}

void HasDMA::View() const
{
    ABCDMA::View();
    std::cout<<"Style: "<<style<<std::endl;
}

HasDMA &HasDMA::operator=(const HasDMA &hs)
{
    if(this==&hs)
        return *this;
    ABCDMA::operator=(hs);
    delete [] style;
    style=new char[std::strlen(hs.style)+1];
    std::strcpy(style,hs.style);
    return *this;
}

Answer 1

dynamic_cast
http://blog.csdn.net/sarkuya/article/details/6282598