《C程序设计语言》练习1-13

Question

编写一个程序，打印输入中单词长度的直方图。水平方向的直方图比较容易绘制，垂直方向的直方图则要困难些。

# include <stdio.h>

# define IN 1
# define OUT 0
# define MAXLEN 10  /*定义单词的最大长度*/

/*print histogram of word length in input*/
main()
{
    int c, i, j, nc, state, max;  /*nc = number character*/
    int lword [MAXLEN]; 
    scanf ("%c", &c);    /*获取c作为字符输入*/ 
    
    for (i = 0; i < MAXLEN; ++ i)
        lword [i] = 0;
    
    nc = max = 0;
    state = OUT;
    while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
        if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')){
            state = IN;
            ++ nc;
        }
        else if (state == IN){
            state = OUT;
            ++ lword [nc - 1];  /*递增以不同单词长度为下标的数组*/
            if (max < lword [nc - 1])
                max = lword [nc - 1];  /*寻找数组最大值，并赋予max。为后续打印垂直直方图做准备*/
            nc = 0;
        }
    
    /*打印水平直方图*/
    printf ("print histogram of word length in input\n");
    printf ("horizontal version:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < MAXLEN; ++ i){
        printf ("%2d: ", i + 1);
        for (j = 0; j < lword [i]; ++ j)
            printf ("*");
        printf ("\n");
    }
    printf ("\n");
    
    /*打印垂直直方图*/
    /*思路：设置i = max + 1 的行往下扫，j = 0的列往右扫*/
    printf ("vertical version:\n");
    for (i = max + 1; i > 0; -- i){
        for (j = 0; j < MAXLEN; ++ j)
            if (i == lword [j] + 1)
                printf ("%3d", lword [j]);  /*当i = 某列数组值 + 1时，输出当列数组值*/
            else if (i <= lword [j])
                printf ("  *");  /*当i <= 某列数组值时，输出**/
            else
                printf ("   ");  /*当i > 某列数组值时，输出空格*/
        printf ("\n");
    }
    for (i = 1; i <= MAXLEN; ++ i)
        printf ("%3d", i);
} 

运行结果

Answer 1

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