使用xpath获取$ variable值时的Array to String转换通知

Question

Im trying to get the name atriburte of the type element in the following feed using xpath.

<response request="getHierarchyByMarketType" code="001" 
          message="success" debug="">    
<jonny>    
  <class id="5" name="Formula 1" maxRepDate="2012-12-19" maxRepTime="15:03:34">    
    <type id="4558" name="F1 Championship" lastUpdateDate="2012-11-26"
          lastUpdateTime="16:17:33">

to do this I'm using

$market_name = $wh_xml->xpath('/response/jonny/class/type/@name');

and then using

<h2>
  <?= $market_name ?>
</h2>

in my view, but instead of it returning my expected "F1 Championship" im getting a:

Array to string conversion

notice, but I'm not sure why, I thought xpath would return the value of @name as a string?

Answer 1

In simeplexml the xpath() method always returns an array. Because of that, it does not return a string and you see the warning because you used the array as if it were a string (outputting it). When you convert an array to a string in PHP, you will get the notice and the string is "Array".

You find that documented as the xpath()s method return-type in the PHP manual: http://php.net/simplexmlelement.xpath and also in the PHP manual about strings (scroll down/search the following):

Arrays are always converted to the string "Array"; because of this, echo and print can not by themselves show the contents of an array. To view a single element, use a construction such as echo $arr['foo']. [...]

The only exception to that rule is if your xpath query contains an error, then the return value will the FALSE.

So if you're looking for the first element, you can use the list language construct (if your xpath-query does not have any syntax errors and is returning at least one node):

list($market_name) = $wh_xml->xpath('/response/jonny/class/type/@name');
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you're using PHP 5.4 you can also directly access the first array value:

$market_name = $wh_xml->xpath('/response/jonny/class/type/@name')[0];
                                                                 ^^^