appium1.15.1连接安卓系统7.0以上的真机，打开非系统应用报安全错误，求解？

Question

以下是打开应用的代码（python）。如果操作对象是系统应用，代码正常运行；如果操作的对象为用户安装的应用，代码报错

from appium import webdriver

desired_caps = dict()
#平台名：区分Android、ios
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
#平台版本：同连接设备上的（关于）安卓版本一致 （6.1.1版本，可填写6.1.1、6.1、6）
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '9'
#设备名：ios需正确填写，安卓不为空则可以
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'CLB7N18301000651'
#应用名：通过adb查看
desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.lefull.tenant'
#界面名：通过adb查看
desired_caps['appActivity'] = '.ui.TenantActivity'


#打开应用，进入指定页面
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)

运行非系统应用，代码报错

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.lefull.tenant' application. Visit https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/docs/en/writing-running-appium/android/activity-startup.md for troubleshooting. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command '/Users/moon/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb -P 5037 -s CLB7N18301000651 shell am start -W -n com.lefull.tenant/.ui.TenantActivity -S' exited with code 255'; Stderr: 'Security exception: Permission Denial: starting Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.lefull.tenant/.ui.TenantActivity } from null (pid=30377, uid=2000) not exported from uid 10163

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.lefull.tenant/.ui.TenantActivity } from null (pid=30377, uid=2000) not exported from uid 10163
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityStackSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(Landroid/content/Intent;Landroid/content/pm/ActivityInfo;Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;ZZLcom/android/server/am/ProcessRecord;Lcom/android/server/am/ActivityRecord;Lcom/android/server/am/ActivityStack;)Z(libmapleservices.so:4357457)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivity(Landroid/app/IApplicationThread;Landroid/content/Intent;Landroid/content/Intent;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/content/pm/ActivityInfo;Landroid/content/pm/ResolveInfo;Landroid/service/voice/IVoiceInteractionSession;Lcom/android/internal/app/IVoiceInteractor;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;IIILcom/android/server/am/SafeActivityOptions;ZZ[Lcom/android/server/am/ActivityRecord;Lcom/android/server/am/TaskRecord;Z)I(libmapleservices.so:4763781)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivity(Landroid/app/IApplicationThread;Landroid/content/Intent;Landroid/content/Intent;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/content/pm/ActivityInfo;Landroid/content/pm/ResolveInfo;Landroid/service/voice/IVoiceInteractionSession;Lcom/android/internal/app/IVoiceInteractor;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;IIILcom/android/server/am/SafeActivityOptions;ZZ[Lcom/android/server/am/ActivityRecord;Lcom/android/server/am/TaskRecord;Ljava/lang/String;Z)I(libmapleservices.so:4769313)
    at com.android.server.am.HwActivityStarter.startActivity(Landroid/app/IApplicationThread;Landroid/content/Intent;Landroid/content/Intent;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/content/pm/ActivityInfo;Landroid/content/pm/ResolveInfo;Landroid/service/voice/IVoiceInteractionSession;Lcom/android/internal/app/IVoiceInteractor;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;IIILjava/lang/String;IIILcom/android/server/am/SafeActivityOptions;ZZ[Lcom/android/server/am/ActivityRecord;Lcom/android/server/am/TaskRecord;Ljava/lang/String;Z)I(libmaplehwServices.so:3322649)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(Landroid/app/IApplicationThread;ILjava/lang/String;Landroid/content/Intent;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/service/voice/IVoiceInteractionSession;Lcom/android/internal/app/IVoiceInteractor;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;IILandroid/app/ProfilerInfo;Landroid/app/WaitResult;Landroid/content/res/Configuration;Lcom/android/server/am/SafeActivityOptions;ZILcom/android/server/am/TaskRecord;Ljava/lang/String;Z)I(libmapleservices.so:6583725)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityStarter.execute()I(libmapleservices.so:4770265)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startActivityAndWait(Landroid/app/IApplicationThread;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/content/Intent;Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/IBinder;Ljava/lang/String;IILandroid/app/ProfilerInfo;Landroid/os/Bundle;I)Landroid/app/WaitResult;(libmapleservices.so:6887257)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.runStartActivity(Ljava/io/PrintWriter;)I(libmapleservices.so:6994469)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.onCommand(Ljava/lang/String;)I(libmapleservices.so:7136029)
    at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(Landroid/os/Binder;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;[Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/ShellCallback;Landroid/os/ResultReceiver;)I(libmapleframework.so:7202205)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onShellCommand(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;[Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/ShellCallback;Landroid/os/ResultReceiver;)V(libmapleservices.so:7192841)
    at android.os.Binder.onTransact(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z(libmapleframework.so:4130721)
    at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z(libmapleframework.so:4752437)
    at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z(libmapleservices.so:5920045)
    at com.android.server.am.HwActivityManagerService.onTransact(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z(libmaplehwServices.so:3379945)
    at android.os.Binder.execTransact(IJJI)Z(libmapleframework.so:6087833)'; Code: '255'

            在网络上查资料，发现全部的测试安卓系统都是5。如果想测试安卓7以上的系统，应该如何解决？？？
            谢谢！！

Answer 1

以下回答参考 皆我百晓生、券券喵儿 等免费微信小程序相关内容作答，并由本人整理回复。

要解决这个问题，您可以尝试以下步骤：

1. 首先，确保您正在使用正确的设备名称。在您的desired_caps字典中，请确保将desired_caps['deviceName']设置为您想要使用的设备名称。

2. 确保您的应用程序已签名，并且具有适当的权限。在您的应用程序中检查是否有权限来访问特定的系统服务或资源。如果您没有这些权限，则可能无法成功启动应用程序。

3. 如果您的应用程序允许在后台运行，那么您可能需要在启动时调用startForeground()方法。这可以帮助防止出现安全错误。

4. 检查是否有任何其他应用程序在同时运行，它们可能会阻止您的应用程序启动。您可以使用adb devices命令来列出所有正在运行的设备和模拟器。

5. 使用adb logcat命令查看日志以获取更多有关问题的信息。这通常会提供有关错误发生的具体上下文信息。

请注意，由于安全原因，一些操作系统可能限制了从外部应用启动特定类型的活动。在这种情况下，您的应用程序可能无法被系统启动。在这种情况下，您可能需要寻找其他方式来测试您的应用程序，例如使用模拟器或使用其他工具。

为了更好地帮助您解决问题，我建议您提供更多关于您的环境和您的具体需求的信息。例如，您是否已经使用过其他工具或者API来测试您的应用程序？您使用的是哪种编程语言？您使用的是哪个版本的Python或其他编程语言？您是否已经设置了正确的端口号？等等。