In your question, Both statements are different.
In first statement:
if ( ($A==$B) && ($C==$D) )
First it will check if A is equals to B and C is equals to D then the code will execute within the if statement. Means both condition needs to be true.
But in your second statement:
if ($A==$B)
if ($C==$D)
the code inside the true condition will execute if A is equals to B then first if condition will execute and if if C is equals to D then second statement will execute. In case of both are true then both if condition will execute.
EDITED:
After updating your question, the answer is here:
Your first condition if ( ($A==$B) && ($C==$D) )
is more efficient.
In second statement there is unnecessary if, even though you can check both condition with in single if condition. so your first condition will execute fast.