goroutine总是执行“后进先出”

Question

in the interests of learning more about Go, I have been playing with goroutines, and have noticed something - but am not sure what exactly I'm seeing, and hope someone out there might be able to explain the following behaviour.

the following code does exactly what you'd expect:

package main

import (
  "fmt"
)

type Test struct {
  me int
}

type Tests []Test

func (test *Test) show() {
  fmt.Println(test.me)

}

func main() {
  var tests Tests
  for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    test := Test{
      me: i,
    }
    tests = append(tests, test)
  }

  for _, test := range tests {
    test.show()
  }

}

and prints 0 - 9, in order.

now, when the code is changed as shown below, it always returns with the last one first - doesn't matter which numbers I use:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

type Test struct {
    me int
}

type Tests []Test

func (test *Test) show(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    fmt.Println(test.me)
    wg.Done()

}

func main() {
    var tests Tests
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        test := Test{
            me: i,
        }
        tests = append(tests, test)
    }

    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(10)
    for _, test := range tests {
        go func(t Test) {
            t.show(&wg)
        }(test)
    }
    wg.Wait()

}

this will return: 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

the order of iteration of the loop isn't changing, so I guess that it is something to do with the goroutines... basically, I am trying to understand why it behaves like this...I understand that goroutines can run in a different order than the order in which they're spawned, but, my question is why this always runs like this. as if there's something really obvious I'm missing...

Answer 1

As expected, the ouput is pseudo-random,

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
    "sync"
)

type Test struct {
    me int
}

type Tests []Test

func (test *Test) show(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    fmt.Println(test.me)
    wg.Done()

}

func main() {
    fmt.Println("GOMAXPROCS", runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
    var tests Tests
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        test := Test{
            me: i,
        }
        tests = append(tests, test)
    }

    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(10)
    for _, test := range tests {
        go func(t Test) {
            t.show(&wg)
        }(test)
    }
    wg.Wait()

}

Output:

$ go version
go version devel +af15bee Fri Jan 29 18:29:10 2016 +0000 linux/amd64
$ go run goroutine.go
GOMAXPROCS 4
9
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
0
$ go run goroutine.go
GOMAXPROCS 4
9
3
0
1
2
7
4
8
5
6
$ go run goroutine.go
GOMAXPROCS 4
1
9
6
8
4
3
0
5
7
2
$ 

Are you running in the Go playground? The Go playground, by design, is deterministic, which makes it easier to cache programs.

Or, are you running with runtime.GOMAXPROCS = 1? This runs one thing at a time, sequentially. This is what the Go playground does.