java实验-设计一个用于交通工具管理的程序

Question

设计一个用于交通工具管理的程序，具体实现以下要求：
（1）定义一个名为Vehicles（交通工具）的抽象类，类中包含的实例字段有：brand（品牌名称）、color（颜色）、price（价格），包含方法showInfo（在控制台显示品牌名称、颜色与价格），并编写构造方法初始化其实例字段。
（2）定义Car（小汽车）类继承于Vehicles类，增加int型实例字段seats（座位数），重写showInfo方法（在控制台显示小汽车信息），并编写构造方法。
（3）编写Truck（卡车）类继承于Vehicles类，增加float型实例字段load（载重），重写showInfo方法（在控制台显示卡车的信息），并编写构造方法。
（4）编写Van（客货两用车）类继承于Vehicles类，增加int型实例字段seats（座位数量）和float型实例字段load（载重），重写showInfo方法（在控制台显示客货两用车的信息），并编写构造方法。
（5）从键盘输入车辆的信息（要求包括小汽车、卡车和客货两用车），保存在某类集合（具体集合类自己选择）中，应用多态编程输出所有车的信息，计算所有车的总价格并输出。

Answer 1

一个实现，showInfo的输出信息可按自己需求调整，供参考：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CarTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //把交通工具类作为泛型，方便添加其子类，及下面的遍历
        ArrayList<Vehicles> cars = new ArrayList<Vehicles>();
        
        String brand = null;
        String color = null;
        double price = 0;
        int seats = 0;
        float load = 0;
        
        //从输入获取小车信息
        System.out.println("请输入小汽车的信息:");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("品牌名称：");
        brand = sc.next();
        System.out.print("颜色：");
        color = sc.next();
        System.out.print("座位数：");
        seats = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.print("价格：");
        price = sc.nextDouble();
        Car car = new Car(brand,color,price,seats);
        cars.add(car);
        
        //从输入获取卡车信息
        System.out.println("请输入卡车的信息:");
        sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("品牌名称：");
        brand = sc.next();
        System.out.print("颜色：");
        color = sc.next();
        System.out.print("载重：");
        load = sc.nextFloat();
        System.out.print("价格：");
        price = sc.nextDouble();
        Truck truck = new Truck(brand,color,price,load);
        cars.add(truck);
        
        //从输入获取客货两用车信息
        System.out.println("请输入客货两用车的信息:");
        sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("品牌名称：");
        brand = sc.next();
        System.out.print("颜色：");
        color = sc.next();
        System.out.print("座位数：");
        seats = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.print("价格：");
        price = sc.nextDouble();
        Van van = new Van(brand,color,price,seats);
        cars.add(van);
        
        //用for-each语法遍历ArrayList集合
        for(Vehicles v:cars) {
            v.showInfo();
        }
    }

}

//交通工具抽象类
abstract class Vehicles{
    public String brand;
    public String color;
    public double price;
    
    public abstract void showInfo();
    
    public Vehicles(String brand,String color, double price) {
        this.brand = brand;
        this.color = color;
        this.price = price;
    }    
}
//小汽车类
class Car extends Vehicles{
    
    public int seats;
    
    public Car(String brand, String color, double price,int seats) {
        super(brand, color, price);
        this.seats = seats;
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    @Override
    public void showInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Car information :\n"
                    +" brand: "+this.brand
                    +" color: "+this.color
                    +" seats: "+this.seats
                    +" price: "+this.price);
    }    
}
//卡车类
class Truck extends Vehicles{
    
    public float load;
    
    public Truck(String brand, String color, double price,float load) {
        super(brand, color, price);
        this.load = load;
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    @Override
    public void showInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Truck information :\n"
                +" brand: "+this.brand
                +" color: "+this.color
                +" load: "+this.load
                +" price: "+this.price);
    }    
}
//客货两用车类
class Van extends Vehicles{
    
    public int seats;
    
    public Van(String brand, String color, double price,int seats) {
        super(brand, color, price);
        this.seats = seats;
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    @Override
    public void showInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Van information :\n"
                +" brand: "+this.brand
                +" color: "+this.color
                +" seats: "+this.seats
                +" price: "+this.price);
    }    
}