读/ dev / urandom并生成随机整数

Question

I am trying to create a function that generates a random integer out of the bytes I get from /dev/urandom. I am doing this in PHP and it currently looks like:

    public static function getRandomInteger($min, $max)
    {
        // First we need to determine how many bytes we need to construct $min-$max range.
        $difference = $max-$min;
        $bytesNeeded = ceil($difference/256);

        $randomBytes = self::getRandomBytes($bytesNeeded);

        // Let's sum up all bytes.
        $sum = 0;
        for ($a = 0; $a < $bytesNeeded; $a++)
            $sum += ord($randomBytes[$a]);

        // Make sure we don't push the limits.
        $sum = $sum % ($difference);

        return $sum + $min;
    }

Everything works great except that I think it's not calculating the values exactly fair. For example, if you want to have a random value between 0 and 250, it receives one byte and mods it with 250 so the values of 0-6 are more likely to appear than the values of 7-250. What should I do to fix this?

Answer 1

a) If you don't need cryptographically secure random numbers, simply use mt_rand. It will probably suffice for your needs.

b) If you want to stick with your algorithm: Do some remapping: return round($min + $sum / pow(256, $bytesNeeded) * ($max - $min)).

c) As you can see, this requires rounding. That will lead to a not perfectly uniform distribution, I think (though I am not sure about this). Probably the best way is to get the random number as a float and then scale it. Though I have no idea how you get a float from /dev/urandom. That's why I stick with mt_rand and lcg_value.