php PDO UPDATE语句：哪个更安全？

Question

I'm learning PDO, and finding it tricky to make sure my statements work correctly. I have a PHP function which is updating my database by simply adding the number 1 to the total.

    function add_rating($place_id,$rating_id) {

    //make $db accessible inside the function
    global $db;

    // query v1
    $sql = "UPDATE places_ratings SET ? +1 WHERE place_id=?";
    $q = $db->prepare($sql);
    $q->execute(array($rating_id,$place_id));   

}

I tried variations of this, none of which I could get to work. I don't know if I was using question marks wrong. I was following this guide and also a previous SO question. In the end I tried a different method which worked first time, so I am tempted to re-use it as it also seems a lot simpler.

    function add_rating($place_id,$rating_id) {

    //make $db accessible inside the function
    global $db;

    // query v2
    $query = "UPDATE places_ratings SET $rating_id = ($rating_id +1) WHERE place_id = $place_id";
    $update = $db->query($query);

}

My question is: which statement is better/safer? And secondly, what am I doing wrong with the first version with question marks? Thanks...

Answer 1

In general prepared statements as in your first example are safer because they are immune to SQL injection.

Your example doesn't work because you can't specify field names using a ? parameter in a prepared statement. Even if you could your SQL still would be wrong, this would expand to

 UPDATE places_ratings SET whatever +1 WHERE place_id=?

which is not valid.

If your $rating_id is generated in code and not taken from user input you could combine both approaches.